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1. Top results related to define bit rate and baud rate

   • Difference between Bit Rate and Baud Rate

     Both Bit rate and Baud rate are generally used in data communication to measure the speed of data. Bit rate is the transmission of a number of bits per second. On the other hand, the Baud rate is defined as the number of signal units per second. The formula which relates both bit rate and the baud rate is given below:

     Bit rate = Baud rate x the number of bit per baud.

     Let’s see the difference between Bit Rate and Baud Rate:

     The formula of Bit Rate is:

     = baud rate x the number of bit per baud

     The formula of Baud Rate is:

     = bit rate / the number of bit per baud

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   • What is the difference between baud rate and bit rate?

     Top Answer

     Answered Aug 08, 2016 · 114 votes

     Bits per second is straightforward. It is exactly what it sounds like. If I have 1000 bits and am sending them at 1000 bps, it will take exactly one second to transmit them.

     Baud is symbols per second. If these symbols — the indivisible elements of your data encoding — are not bits, the baud rate will be lower than the bit rate by the factor of bits per symbol. That is, if there are 4 bits per symbol, the baud rate will be ¼ that of the bit rate.

     This confusion arose because the early analog telephone modems weren't very complicated, so bps was equal to baud. That is, each symbol encoded one bit. Later, to make modems faster, communications engineers invented increasingly clever ways to send more bits per symbol.¹

     Analogy

     System 1, bits: Imagine a communication system with a telescope on the near side of a valley and a guy on the far side holding up one hand or the other. Call his left hand "0" and his right hand "1," and you have a system for communicating one binary digit — one bit — at a time.

     System 2, baud: Now imagine that the guy on the far side of the valley is holding up playing cards instead of his bare hands. He is using a subset of the cards, ace through 8 in each suit, for a total of 32 cards. Each card — each symbol — encodes 5 bits: 00000 through 11111 in binary.²

     Analysis

     The System 2 guy can convey 5 bits of information per card in the same time it takes the System 1 guy to convey one bit by revealing one of his bare hands.

     You see how the analogy seems to break down: finding a particular card in a deck and showing it takes longer than simply deciding to show your left or right hand. But, that just provides an opportunity to extend the analogy profitably.

     A communications system with many bits per symbol faces a similar difficulty, because the encoding schemes required to send multiple bits per symbol are much more complicated than those that send only one bit at a time. To extend the analogy, then, the guy showing playing cards could have several people behind him sharing the work of finding the next card in the deck, handing him cards as fast as he can show them. The helpers are analogous to the more powerful processors required to produce the many-bits-per-baud encoding schemes.

     That is to say, by using more processing power, System 2 can send data 5 times faster than the more primitive System 1.

     Historical Vignette

     What shall we do with our 5-bit code? It seems natural to an English speaker to use 26 of the 32 available code points for the English alphabet. We can use the remaining 6 code points for a space character and a small set of control codes and symbols.

     Or, we could just use Baudot code, a 5-bit code invented by Émile Baudot, after whom the unit "baud" was coined.³

     Footnotes and Digressions:

     • For example, the V.34 standard defined a 3,429 baud mode at 8.4 bits per symbol to achieve 28.8 kbit/sec throughput.That standard only talks about the POTS side of the modem. The RS-232 side remains a 1 bit per symbol system, so you could also correctly call it a 28.8k baud modem. Confusing, but technically correct.
     • I've purposely kept things simple here. One thing you might think about is whether the absence of a playing card conveys information. If it does, that implies the existence of some clock or latch signal, so that you can tell the information-carrying absence of a card from the gap between the display of two cards.Also, what do you do with the cards left over in a poker deck, 9 through King, and the Jokers? One idea would be to use them as special flags to carry metadata. For example, you'll need a way to indicate a short trailing block. If you need to send 128 bits of information, you're going to need to show 26 cards. The first 25 cards convey 5×25=125 bits, with the 26th card conveying the trailing 3 bits. You need some way to signal that the last two bits in the symbol should be disregarded.
     • This is why the early analog telephone modems were specified in terms of baud instead of bps: communications engineers had been using that terminology since the telegraph days. They weren't trying to confuse bps and baud; it was simply a fact, in their minds, that these modems were transmitting one bit per symbol.

     Other Answers

     Answered Jan 15, 2019 · 19 votes

     I don't understand why everyone is making this complicated (answers).

     I'll just leave this here.

     So above would be:

     • Signal Unit: 4 bits
     • Baud Rate [Signal Units per second]: 1000 Bd (baud)
     • Bit Rate [Baud Rate * Signal Unit]: 4000 bps (bits per second)

     Bit rate and Baud rate, these two terms are often used in data communication. Bit rate is simply the number of bits (i.e., 0’s and 1’s) transmitted per unit time. While Baud rate is the number of signal units transmitted per unit time that is needed to represent those bits.

     Other Answers

     Answered Oct 24, 2016 · 16 votes

     Bit rate:- Bit rate is nothing but number of bits transmitted per second.For example if Bit rate is 1000bps then 1000 bits are i.e. 0s or 1s transmitted per second.

     Baud rate:- It means number of time signal changes its state.When the signal is binary then baud rate and bit rate are same.

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   • Baud Rate and its importance

     Computers communicate by transmitting bits of digital data from one device to another device through transmission media. You can send and receive data without worrying about setting up the details. However, for some devices, we need to supply baud rates and other details.

     Old devices use parallel and serial communication ports, though their speeds would be considered slow in today’s time. All the devices that are used today handle all the coordination of communication in the background of the computer. 

     For example, when you plug a new device in your computer, it prompts a message like “installing device drivers” after they are installed and the device is configured you never have to repeat this process. Though for industrial devices it could be different they might ask you to provide information such as Baud rate, communication ports to route the information, etc.

     People often confuse baud rate with bit rate, though they are completely different. The baud rate can be higher or lower than the bit rate depending upon the type of encoding scheme used (Such as NRZ, Manchester, etc.).

     1. Bit rate : Bit rate is the...

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   • Baud rate limits in software and serial communication with an external device

     Top Answer

     Answered May 02, 2019 · 5 votes

     It seems that you are using MSComm32.ocx, not VB6 directly. The maximum speed you can set for this is 256,000 bps.

     How to send to the serial port by using Mscomm32.ocx

     The following baud rate values are valid: 110, 300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600 (default), 14400, 19200, 28800, 38400, 56000, 57600, 115200, 128000, 256000.

     If you want more speed, please use Win32 API directly with the following library etc.

     Serial port programming VB6 via Win32 API

     Serial Port Communication

     Serial port programming on Visual Basic with Windows API

     grricks/vb6SerialAPI

     Or, can it be used if the library provided by FTDI is defined by Declare Function like the above library?

     D2XX Programmer's Guide

     6.9 FT_W32_SetCommState Example

     FT_HANDLE ftHandle; // setup by FT_W32_CreateFile FTDCB ftDCB; if (FT_W32_GetCommState(ftHandle,&ftDCB)) { // FT_W32_GetCommState ok, device state is in ftDCB ftDCB.BaudRate = 921600; // Change the baud rate if (FT_W32_SetCommState(ftHandle,&ftDCB)) ; // FT_W32_SetCommState ok else ; // FT_W32_SetCommState failed}else ; // FT_W32_GetCommState failed

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   • Rate limiting requests and Amazon SQS

     Top Answer

     Answered Nov 14, 2016 · 2 votes

     As I understand, you have bunch of triggers for calling a 3rd party service and you need to rate-limit your API calls.

     The best way is to rate-limit the daemon that is reading from SQS. Depending on the language in which the daemon is written, you should be able to easily find rate-limiter libraries that you can reuse. For e.g., Java and Python have well-tested libraries here and here respectively.

     Keep in mind that these libraries will allow X requests per second per worker. If you have one daemon running, X will be 1.5, for your use case. If you have two daemons (for e.g., one each on two different machines), X should be 0.75

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2. People also ask

   How do I set baud rate?

   • The UART baud rate is determined by the overflow rate of Timer 1. Specifically, the UART baud rate is equal to the Timer 1 overflow frequency divided by 2. For example, to configure the UART for a baud rate of 9600 bps, you would configure the overflow rate of Timer 1 to equal 9600 * 2 = 19.2 kHz. Related Articles. UART Maximum Baud Rate. Baud Rate Configuration for N/16 UARTs

   Baud Rate Configuration for N/2 UARTs - Silicon Labs

   outbackguidance.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/1500010824841-How-do-I-set-BAUD-Rate-and-NMEA-on-my-STS-

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   What does baud rate stand for?

   • What does baud rate stand for? The baud rate is the rate at which information is transferred in a communication channel. In the serial port context, “9600 baud” means that the serial port is capable of transferring a maximum of 9600 bits per second. At baud rates above 76,800, the cable length will need to be reduced.

   What is the baud rate of UART? – Moorejustinmusic.com

   ulmerstudios.com/tips-and-recommendations/what-is-the-rs-422-standard/

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   What is baud rate do you use?

   • The "baud" rate is a unit used to describe the speed of serial communications between two electronic devices. The exact meaning of this unit is often clout in confusion. What exactly is "baud"? The baud rate (the symbol is "Bd") is unit we use to describe the "speed" of communication between the two electronic devices.

   What is 9600 baud rate? - R4 DN

   www.geeksforgeeks.org/baud-rate-and-its-importance/

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   What is the default baud rate?

   • The 74880 on esp8266 is an artifact of the crystal speed (if you use a 40MHz crystal the baud rate is 115200, but everyone uses 26MHz crystals so it's proportionally lower.) On ESP32 the default baud rate is 115200 regardless of crystal clock rate.

   BaudRate (External Interfaces/API)

   honeywellaidc.force.com/supportppr/s/article/APEX-What-is-the-default-Baud-Rate-when-using-Serial-connection

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3. www.geeksforgeeks.org › difference-btween-bit-rateDifference between Bit Rate and Baud Rate - GeeksforGeeks

   www.geeksforgeeks.org › difference-btween-bit-rate

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   Feb 22, 2023 · Bit rate is the transmission of a number of bits per second. On the other hand, the Baud rate is defined as the number of signal units per second. The formula which relates both bit rate and the baud rate is given below: Bit rate = Baud rate x the number of bit per baud.

4. www.electronicdesign.com › technologiesBit Rate And Baud Rate are not the same thing. Find out the ...

   www.electronicdesign.com › technologies

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   Apr 27, 2012 · April 27, 2012. Serial-data speed is usually stated in terms of bit rate. However, another oft-quoted measure of speed is baud rate. Though the two aren’t the same, similarities exist under...

   • Author: Lou Frenzel

5. www.arrow.com › articles › what-is-baud-rateWhat is Baud Rate? Baud Rate vs. Bit Rate | Arrow.com

   www.arrow.com › articles › what-is-baud-rate

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   • What Is Baud Rate?
   • Baud Rate vs. Bit Rate: What's The difference?
   • Telephone Baud Rate Modem Usage
   • Modern Baud Rate Applications

   "Baud," abbreviated "Bd," refers not to some legendary mother computer’s operation, but to Émile Baudot, who invented the Baudot code in the 1870s. Like the Morse code, this system was used to encode letters over a telegraph line, but instead of a series of dots and dashes, it used 5 bits to represent each character. The shortened version of his na...

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   In serial communication, such as between a computer and an Arduino board, data is transmitted directly by 1s and 0s. This means that for each change in state, a single bit is transmitted from one entity to another. So, in this still very much in-use implementation, baud, or symbols per second, is the same as bits per second. However, with clever en...

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   Historically, perhaps the most common place where baud rate was encountered–and confused–is in the context of telephone modems. As of 2021, these devices encode digital signals for transmission over a land phone line. Such modems can be specified by baud rates, as well as their bit rates, generally expressed in kbps, or kilobits per second. Early m...

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   The same concept applies to RF applications in wide use today, where a limited spectrum range is used to transmit information through the airwaves. One obvious application is WiFi, where various modulation schemes allow for increased speeds, while still remaining within the rules of physics (and the FCC). Consider that the original IEEE 802.11 stan...

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   • Author: Jeremy S Cook

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7. thisvsthat.io › baud-rate-vs-bit-rateBaud Rate vs. Bit Rate - What's the Difference? | This vs. That

   thisvsthat.io › baud-rate-vs-bit-rate

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   Baud rate refers to the number of signal changes per second in a communication channel, while bit rate refers to the number of bits transmitted per second. Baud rate is often used to measure the speed of analog signaling, where each signal change can represent multiple bits.

8. techdifferences.com › difference-between-bit-rateDifference Between Bit Rate and Baud Rate (with Comparison ...

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   The crucial difference between bit rate and baud rate that one change of state can transfer one bit, or slightly more or less than one bit that relies on the modulation technique used. Hence, the given equation defines the relation between the two: Bit rate = baud rate x the number of bit per baud

9. stackoverflow.com › questions › 20534417What is the difference between baud rate and bit rate?

   stackoverflow.com › questions › 20534417

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   Dec 12, 2013 · Bit rate:- Bit rate is nothing but number of bits transmitted per second.For example if Bit rate is 1000bps then 1000 bits are i.e. 0s or 1s transmitted per second. Baud rate:- It means number of time signal changes its state.When the signal is binary then baud rate and bit rate are same.