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• Comprehend that a mutation can result in phenotypes that are beneficial or detrimental to an organism. • Understand dominance and be able to explain its relation to alleles, the expression of alleles, genotypes, and phenotypes. • Understand the definition of haplosufficiency.
The meaning of PHENOTYPE is the observable characteristics or traits of an organism that are produced by the interaction of the genotype and the environment : the physical expression of one or more genes. How to use phenotype in a sentence.
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Nov 5, 2021 · The phenotype, a flexible concept. Initially, the term phenotype was applied mainly to visible macroscopic traits, such as size, shape, color, growth rate, grain number, seed coat patterns, etc. In actual fact, the way “phenotype” is defined imposes no limit on its use, which was extended in two ways.
- Dominique de Vienne
- dominique.de-vienne@inrae.fr
- 2021
Introduction. Mutations can be good or bad. While many genetic changes will disrupt organism function in ways that are detrimental, mutation is ultimately the source of all adaptive variation as well.
- 10.1007/s10682-022-10187-4
- 2022/10
- Searching For The Causes of Type 2 Diabetes
- The Thrifty Phenotype
- Thrifty Genotypes and Thrifty Phenotypes
- Early Environmental Influence Before and After The Thrifty Phenotype
- Challenges to The Thrifty Phenotype
- Why Is The Thrifty Phenotype Hypothesis Important? Future Challenges
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia1. Within this group, type 2 diabetes describes the form of the disease usually with onset in adult life, and associated with insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency, as opposed to the absolute deficiency found in type 1 diabetes1. Type 2 diabetes ...
The thrifty phenotype hypothesis, introduced by Hales and Barker in 19929, proposed the concept that environmental factors acting in early life, in particular undernutrition, might influence later risk of type 2 diabetes. The hypothesis arose, in large part, from the pioneering work of the MRC Environmental Epidemiology Unit in Southampton which, u...
While the theme of this issue is the thrifty phenotype, it is appropriate to first consider an older hypothesis – ‘the thrifty genotype’ – in contra-distinction to which the name of the ‘thrifty phenotype’ is derived. While overall, the two hypotheses are very different, they share important features. Both address the basic mechanisms which underli...
The basic concept advanced by the thrifty phenotype hypothesis is that human disease may arise due to early environmental effects whose influence to cause disease is only expressed much later in life. Thus, the influences of the environmental exposure are not confined to the time frame in which they are experienced but may continue to act through t...
In part, the evidence for the thrifty phenotype rests upon the observation of associations of later human disease and lower birth weight. Initially, this basic observation was widely challenged, but has now been replicated in several separate studies and populations. More recently others, most notably Hattersley, have explored whether that associat...
We do not know yet how great a role early nutrition plays in the generation of later diabetes. One cannot doubt, however, the enormous importance of the thrifty phenotype hypothesis in stimulating research examining the aetiology of this common disease. The high prevalence of type 2 diabetes seen in many populations lends additional importance to b...
- Robert S Lindsay, Peter H Bennett
- 2001
phenotype. the set of characteristics of a living thing, resulting from its combination of genes and the effect of its environment compare genotype Topics Biology c2. Definition of phenotype noun in Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary.
Focusing primarily on descriptive phenotypes for psychopathology, this chapter reviews the history and philosophy of operational definitions, emphasizing their provisional nature under the auspices of open concepts.
