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- Effect modification refers to heterogeneity of the causal effect of an exposure variable of interest (e.g., a treatment) on some outcome (e.g., the cure of a disease) across levels of a second variable [ 3, 4 ].
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Sep 16, 2015 · Abstract. This article discusses definitions and concepts of effect modification, interaction, synergism, and related concepts and terms. The term effect modification has been applied to two distinct phenomena. For the first phenomenon, effect modification simply means that some chosen measure of effect varies across levels of background variables.
- Sander Greenland
- 2008
Jun 8, 2017 · Effect modification. The clinical motivation behind the assessment of effect modification is to identify whether the effect of a treatment (or exposure) is different in groups of patients with different characteristics.
Sep 18, 2023 · Effect modification refers to heterogeneity of the causal effect of an exposure variable of interest (e.g., a treatment) on some outcome (e.g., the cure of a disease) across levels of a second variable
Abstract: This article discusses definitions and concepts of effect modification, interaction, synergism, and related concepts and terms. The term effect modificationhas been applied to two distinct phenomena. For the first phenomenon, effect modification simply means that some chosen measure of effect varies across levels of background ...
- Sander Greenland
- 2008
Apr 4, 2024 · Behavior modification relies on ways to develop, strengthen, maintain, stop, or modify a behavior, according to Tara M. Lally, PhD, Supervising Psychologist in the Department of Psychiatry at Ocean University Medical Center. At the center of this is a stimulus, reinforcement, and punishment.
Oct 20, 2020 · Definition. Effect modification occurs when an effect modifier is associated with both an apparent case and an apparent effect and modifies the association of interest (Katz 2001 ). Consider the example of the association between vigorous exercise and risk for heart disease. This association is real, but its direction varies with level of fitness.
Epidemiologists apply the term “effect modification” to indicate that the effect of one variable on another varies across strata of a third. There are many different measures of effect and, thus many different measures by which a variable may be an effect modifier for the relationship between a cause and an effect.
