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What is Item Response Theory?
What is Item Response Theory (IRT)?
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Item response theory (IRT) is an increasingly popular approach to the development, evaluation, and administration of psychological measures. We introduce, first, three IRT fundamentals: (a) item response functions, (b) information functions, and (c) invariance.
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Nov 19, 2013 · Item response theory (IRT) is a psychometric technique used in the development, evaluation, improvement, and scoring of multi-item scales. This pedagogical article provides the necessary information needed to understand how to conduct, interpret, and report results from two commonly used ordered polytomous IRT models (Samejima’s graded ...
- Michael D. Toland
- 2014
Item response theory (IRT) is arguably one of the most influential developments in the field of educational and psychological measurement. IRT provides a foundation for statistical methods that are utilized in contexts such as test development, item analysis, equating, item banking, and computerized adaptive testing.
- 1 Unidimensional Dichotomous IRT Models
- 2 Unidimensional Polytomous IRT Models
- 3 Multidimensional IRT Models
- 4 Other IRT Models
Let us start with the simplest framework of unidimensional models for dichotomously scored items, that is X ij ∈{0, 1} and θ i = θ i . The IRF (2.1) reduces to and represents the probability of a correct response, while represents the probability of an incorrect response. Two mathematical functions used to characterize the IRFs (2.2) and (2.3) were...
Items may not produce a simple binary response (i.e., true/false) but offer more choices, for instance responses graded on a Likert scale (from “Totally disagree” to “Totally agree”) or multiple-choice items. For the latter, one always has the option of recoding the responses as binary outcomes, but at the cost of loosing specific distractor inform...
Unidimensional models are very useful and powerful when all items are designed to target and evaluate a single, common latent trait of the test takers. However, in practice one might be interested in more than one such ability level. For instance, a test could include items that are all unidimensional, but target different abilities (for instance, ...
There are other types of IRT models for analyzing more complex data or for relaxing specific assumptions of traditional IRT models. These models are current research topics and none, or very few of them have been considered in an adaptive testing context. They are nevertheless briefly mentioned in this section for completeness.
- David Magis, Duanli Yan, Alina A. von Davier
- 2017
Aug 4, 2021 · The item response theory, IRT, also known as latent trait, latent respond, or mental test theory, is one of the main tools of the psychometrics for measuring abilities and attitudes, stress and knowledge, taking into account both individual and item features, with the aim on establishing an individual’s position on the characteristic’s continuum.
- Stan Lipovetsky
- 2021
Item response theory (IRT) comprises a collection of mathematical and statistical models and methods that are used in the assembly and scoring of psychological questionnaires and scales. IRT is used to investigate the statistical properties of categorical responses to questions, or other observations that may be indicators on a test or scale.
Jul 8, 2017 · Definition. Item response theory (IRT), sometimes referred to as modern test theory, is a branch of psychometrics which seeks to understand and statistically model how a person will respond given a certain level of an underlying characteristic (e.g., cognitive ability, depression, etc.) and the properties of a questionnaire, test, or survey item.
