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velocity = speed + direction of motion Things that have both a magnitude and a direction are called vectors. More on vectors in Ch.3. For 1D motion (motion along a straight line, like on an air track), we can represent the direction of motion with a +/– sign. + = going right .
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• Kinematics – branch of physics; study of motion • Position (x) – where you are located • Distance (d) – how far you have traveled, regardless of direction • Displacement (Dx) – where you are in relation to where you started Distance vs. Displacement • You drive the path, and your odometer goes up by 8 miles (your distance).
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- Chapter 7 Newton’s Laws of Motion
- 7.2 Newton’s First Law
- 7.3 Momentum, Newton’s Second Law and Third Law
- Definition: Quantity of Motion
I have not as yet been able to discover the reason for these properties of gravity from phenomena, and I do not feign hypotheses. For whatever is not deduced from the phenomena must be called a hypothesis; and hypotheses, whether metaphysical or physical, or based on occult qualities, or mechanical, have no place in experimental philosophy. In this...
The First Law of Motion, commonly called the “Principle of Inertia,” was first realized by Galileo. (Newton did not acknowledge Galileo’s contribution.) Newton was particularly concerned with how to phrase the First Law in Latin, but after many rewrites Newton choose the following expression for the First Law (in English translation): Law 1: Every ...
Newton began his analysis of the cause of motion by introducing the quantity of motion:
The quantity of motion is the measure of the same, arising from the velocity and quantity of matter conjointly. The motion of the whole is the sum of the motion of all its parts; and therefore in a body double in quantity, with equal velocity, the motion is double, with twice the velocity, it is quadruple.5 Our modern term for quantity of motion is...
the motion of a body that is released at time t = 0 with an initial velocity ! 0. Two paths are shown in Figure 5.1. The dotted path represents a parabolic trajectory and the solid path represents the actual trajectory. The difference between the two paths ! v is a unit vector in the direction of the velocity.
Links to Physics: Understanding of motion is fundamental to mechanics including constant or accelerated motion of cars to electrons. Other topics will also require the introduction of motion. Examples include wave motion (as in sound and light), electricity and magnetism (movement of force fields) and celestial movement within the heavens.
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Step 1: Draw free-body diagram showing forces (show direction of acceleration off to one side of diagram.) Step 2: Choose a coordinate system and a + direction (always best to choose the direction of the acceleration as the +direction) Step 3: Write down equations F . a , F y m a y.
• Examples of motion in one dimension: – Displacement, velocity, acceleration, free fall, and …. In a straight line. • An example of motion in two dimension (x and y axis) is projectile motion. • An example of a three dimensional motion (x, y and z axis) is motion of a bird or an insect since it is flying in space. 12 CMPE department-TIU
