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  1. Oct 9, 2017 · We define a referendum as a “direct vote in which voters are asked to accept or reject a proposal.” We define a plebiscite as a “direct vote in regard to an important public question.” Both a referendum and a plebiscite are direct votes by the entire electorate (not their representatives) and are not elections (there are no candidates).

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    • Historical Foundations of Initiative and Referendum
    • The Populist and Progressive Eras
    • Initiative Usage

    The use of the initiative and referendum(I&R) process has ebbed and flowed throughout U.S. history. Initiatives and referendums, which come from a variety of ideologies, can enact changes within governments at the local, state and national levels. Various forms of I&R have existed in the United States since the 17th century, beginning in New Englan...

    By the late 19th century, many citizens wanted to increase their check on representative government. Members of the populist and progressivemovements were dissatisfied with the government; they felt that wealthy special interest groups controlled the government and that citizens had no power to break this control. A comprehensive platform of politi...

    Citizens have brought to the ballotpolicy reforms in many areas, including education, taxes and drugs. Voter turnout in states with an initiative on the ballot is approximately 3 to 8 percent higher than in states without an initiative on the ballot. In 1998, voters in 16 states with an initiative on the ballot went to the polls at a rate almost 3 ...

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  3. The students will: 1. Define initiative and referendum. 2. Compare and contrast initiatives and referendums. 3. Describe the process used in Virginia to get a referendum on the ballot. 4. Evaluate the efficacy of initiatives and referendums.

  4. Jun 24, 2016 · Since the first British referendum was held in 1973, the ‘Brexit’ vote became the eleventh, and the second time the U.K. held a referendum to determine its future relationship with Europe.

  5. Feb 5, 2018 · The amendments spanned aboriginal rights, division of powers over legislation, and parliamentary reform. The researchers posed three specific questions: do referendums increase politicization? Do referendums promote political efficacy? And do referendums encourage political intolerance?

  6. A referendum is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to answer a question on a particular proposal. For example, on 18 September 2014, the people of Scotland were asked to vote in a referendum on whether Scotland should be an independent country.

  7. referendum powers. Almost half the states allow residents to initiate policy actions and to vote on the approval or disapproval of laws enacted by their state government— Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Col-orado, Florida, Idaho, Illinois, Maine, Mas-sachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri,

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