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Solid Definition. What is a Solid? A solid can be defined as a substance which exists in the solid-state, which is one of the four fundamental states of matter. Solids feature closely packed atoms whose kinetic energies are much lower than those of liquids and gases.
- 5 min
- What are the two types of solids?The two primary categories into which solids are classified are crystalline solids and amorphous solids. The former features a highly ordered arran...
- What are the differences between crystalline and amorphous solids?The arrangement of atoms in three-dimensional space in crystalline solids in is highly ordered but the arrangement in amorphous solids is not. Furt...
- What are the 7 crystal systems in which a crystalline solid can exist?All crystalline solids can be classified into the following seven crystal systems: cubic, trigonal, tetragonal, hexagonal, monoclinic, triclinic, a...
The solid state is distinguished from the gas and liquid states by a rigid structure in which the component atoms, ions, or molecules are usually locked into place. In many solids, the components are arranged in extended three-dimensional patterns, producing a wide range of properties that can often be tailored to specific functions.
Aug 22, 2022 · A molecular solid is a crystalline solid whose components are covalently bonded molecules. Many molecular substances, especially when carefully solidified from the liquid state, form solids where the molecules line up with a regular fashion similar to an ionic crystal, but they are composed of molecules instead of ions.
Jun 16, 2023 · Solids are one of the most interesting and important topics in general chemistry because they are important for so many things. We use solids as building materials, to make tools of all kinds, to make computer chips, energy storage devices, solar cells, catalysts...
- Session Overview
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Prerequisites
Before starting this session, you should be familiar with: 1. Basic principles of high school chemistry 2. Fundamental concepts of the structure of the atom
Looking Ahead
Prof. Sadoway discusses the periodic table in more detail (Session 2). He explores the relationship between electronic structure, chemical bonding, and crystal structure (Session 4).
Learning Objectives
After completing this session, you should be able to: 1. Classify a substance as an element or a compound. 2. Understand the developmental history of the periodic table of elements. 3. Identify the symbols and number of electronsfor an element. 4. Classify an element as a metal, semimetal or a nonmetal. 5. Explain which sets of elements are in the same period. 6. Calculate the molecular massof a compound. 7. Calculate the number of molesin a substance. 8. Define a homogenous mixture and a het...
Lecture Summary
This lecture is an introduction to the class. Professor Sadoway begins with important information about the course objectives, organization, and expectations, and proceeds to introduce the subject of solid state chemistry. 3.091 integrates thorough coverage of the principles of chemistry with various applications to engineering systems. The thesis of 3.091 is that electronic structureholds the key to understanding the world around us. The lecture continues with a survey of the historical foun...
Supplemental Readings
Davies, D. A. Waves, Atoms and Solids. Harlow Essex, UK: Longman Group United Kingdom, 1978. ISBN: 9780582441743. Brown, T. L., H. E. Lemay, and B. E. Bursten. Chemistry: The Central Science. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1999. ISBN: 9780130103109. How Batteries Work
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What is a solid? You may not think of salt and sugar as solids because when you see them in the kitchen they are such small particles. But each of these particles is as much a solid as a wooden table, a glass window, or a gold piece of jewelry.
Define and describe the bonding and properties of ionic, molecular, metallic, and covalent network crystalline solids; Describe the main types of crystalline solids: ionic solids, metallic solids, covalent network solids, and molecular solids; Explain the ways in which crystal defects can occur in a solid
