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The theory behind behavioral psychology suggests that behaviors aren’t just spontaneous reactions. Instead, they’re learned responses from our environment. One of the key principles of this field is reinforcement – that is, rewarding or punishing actions to influence future behavior.
Learning Objectives. Define and differentiate affect, behavior, and cognition as considered by social psychologists. Summarize the principles of social cognition. Social psychology is based on the ABCs of affect, behavior, and cognition ( Figure 1.2 “The ABCs of Affect, Behavior, and Cognition” ).
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Jul 7, 2023 · By understanding the nature of attitudes, influential factors, theoretical frameworks, and real-life applications, we gain insight into the complexities of human psychology. Developing a greater understanding of attitudes and behavior can lead to personal growth, improved relationships, and positive social change.
- Principles of Behaviorism
- Types of Behaviorist Theory
- Historical Timeline
- Applications
- Critical Evaluation
- References
The behaviorist movement began in 1913 when John B. Watson wrote an article entitled Psychology as the behaviorist views it, which set out several underlying assumptions regarding methodology and behavioral analysis: One assumption of the learning approach is that all behaviors are learned from the environment. They can be learned through classical...
Historically, the most significant distinction between versions of behaviorism is that between Watson’s original methodological behaviorism, and forms of behaviorism later inspired by his work, known collectively as neobehaviorism (e.g., radical behaviorism).
Pavlov (1897) published the results of an experiment on conditioning after originally studying digestion in dogs.Watson (1913) launches the behavioral school of psychology, publishing an article, Psychology as the behaviorist views it.Mental health
Behaviorism theorized that abnormal behavior and mental illness stem from faulty learning processes rather than internal conflicts or unconscious forces, as psychoanalysis claimed. Based on behaviorism, behavior therapy aims to replace maladaptive behaviors with more constructive ones through techniques like systematic desensitization, aversion therapy, and token economies. Systematic desensitizationhelps phobia patients gradually confront feared objects. The behaviorist approach has been use...
Education
The implications of classical conditioning in the classroom are less important than those of operant conditioning, but there is still a need for teachers to try to make sure that students associate positive emotional experiences with learning. If a student associates negative emotional experiences with school, then this can obviously have bad results, such as creating a school phobia. For example, if a student is bullied at school, they may learn to associate the school with fear. It could al...
Addiction
Cue reactivity is the theory that people associate situations (e.g., meeting with friends)/ places (e.g., pub) with the rewarding effects of nicotine, and these cues can trigger a feeling of craving (Carter & Tiffany, 1999). These factors become smoking-related cues. Prolonged use of nicotine creates an association between these factors and smoking based on classical conditioning. Nicotine is the unconditioned stimulus (UCS), and the pleasure caused by the sudden increase in dopamine levels i...
Behaviorism has experimental support: Pavlov showed that classical conditioning leads to learning by association. Watson and Raynershowed that phobias could be learned through classical conditioning in the “Little Albert” experiment. An obvious advantage of behaviorism is its ability to define behavior clearly and measure behavior changes. Accordin...
Bandura, A., & Walters, R. H. (1963). Social learning and personality development. New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston. Braat, M., Engelen, J., van Gemert, T., & Verhaegh, S. (2020). The rise and fall of behaviorism: The narrative and the numbers. History of Psychology, 23(3), 252-280. Carter, B. L., & Tiffany, S. T. (1999). Meta‐analysis of cue‐re...
Apr 20, 2024 · To design effective interventions with which to change behavior, it is useful to understand the theories and models of behavior change. This article will cover the leading theories and models, as well as an interesting study and some simple techniques to help your clients change their behavior.
Nov 27, 2019 · It concludes by using the formulation to clarify the relationship between the methodological and ontological description of behavior and argues how the basic science of psychology can be effectively defined as the science of mental behavior going forward.
Jun 27, 2021 · 11.1: Psychological Disorder- What Makes a Behavior “Abnormal”? Page ID. Anonymous. LibreTexts. Learning Objectives. Define “psychological disorder” and summarize the general causes of disorder. Explain why it is so difficult to define disorder, and how the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM) is used to make diagnoses.
