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In this article, we'll look at 10 scientific laws and theories that you might want to brush up on, even if you don't find yourself, say, operating a scanning electron microscope all that frequently. We'll start off with a bang and move on to the basic laws of the universe, before hitting evolution .
- Heliocentrism: Copernicus, 1543. One of the greatest insights ever, conceived by some ancient Greeks but established only two millennia later: the Earth revolves around the sun (as do other planets).
- Evolution by natural selection: Charles Darwin, 1859. Darwin showed that the intricate complexity of life and the intricate relationships among life-forms could emerge and survive from natural processes, with no need for a designer or an ark.
- Quantum theory: Max Planck, Einstein, Niels Bohr, Werner Heisenberg, Erwin Schrödinger, Max Born, Paul Dirac, 1900–1926. Quantum theory ripped the entire fabric of classical physics to shreds, demolished ordinary notions of the nature of reality, screwed up entire philosophies of cause and effect and revealed peculiarities about nature that nobody, no matter how imaginative, could ever have imagined.
- General relativity: Einstein, 1915. General relativity was much more revolutionary than special relativity, because it ditched Newton’s law of gravity in favor of curved spacetime.
Mar 5, 2015 · The structure of scientific theories is a rich topic. Theorizing and modeling are core activities across the sciences, whether old (e.g., relativity theory, evolutionary theory) or new (e.g., climate modeling, cognitive science, and systems biology).
Albert Einstein described two different types of scientific theories: "Constructive theories" and "principle theories". Constructive theories are constructive models for phenomena: for example, kinetic theory .
Jul 23, 2022 · Examples of Scientific Theories. There are many scientific theory in different disciplines: Astronomy: theory of stellar nucleosynthesis, theory of stellar evolution; Biology: cell theory, theory of evolution, germ theory, dual inheritance theory
Scientific theory, systematic ideational structure of broad scope, conceived by the human imagination, that encompasses a family of empirical laws regarding regularities existing in objects and events, both observed and posited.
Jan 6, 2009 · 1. Introduction. 2. Observation and data. 2.1 Traditional empiricism. 2.2 The irrelevance of observation per se. 2.3 Data and phenomena. 3. Theory and value ladenness. 3.1 Perception. 3.2 Assuming the theory to be tested. 3.3 Semantics. 3.4 Values. 3.5 Reuse. 4. The epistemic value of empirical evidence. 4.1 Confirmation. 4.2 Saving the phenomena.
