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Apr 27, 2024 · cloning, the process of generating a genetically identical copy of a cell or an organism. Cloning happens often in nature—for example, when a cell replicates itself asexually without any genetic alteration or recombination. Prokaryotic organisms (organisms lacking a cell nucleus) such as bacteria create genetically identical duplicates of ...
Apr 19, 2024 · genetic engineering, the artificial manipulation, modification, and recombination of DNA or other nucleic acid molecules in order to modify an organism or population of organisms. The term genetic engineering is generally used to refer to methods of recombinant DNA technology, which emerged from basic research in microbial genetics.
May 2, 2024 · The replication process follows several steps involving multiple proteins called replication enzymes and RNA, or ribonucleic acid. In eukaryotic cells, such as animal cells and plant cells, DNA replication occurs in the S phase of the cell cycle. Before this phase, also known as the synthesis stage, the cell passes through a preparation phase ...
5 days ago · Definition. Genetic markers are DNA sequences with known physical locations on chromosomes. They are points of variation that can be used to identify individuals or species, or may be used to ...
5 days ago · Definition. cDNA (short for copy DNA; also called complementary DNA) is synthetic DNA that has been transcribed from a specific mRNA through a reaction using the enzyme reverse transcriptase. While DNA is composed of both coding and non-coding sequences, cDNA contains only coding sequences. Scientists often synthesize and use cDNA as a tool in ...
2 days ago · Double-strand DNA breaks introduced by CRISPR-Cas9 allows further genetic manipulation by exploiting endogenous DNA repair mechanisms. CRISPR-Cas immunity is a natural process of bacteria and archaea. CRISPR-Cas prevents bacteriophage infection, conjugation and natural transformation by degrading foreign nucleic acids that enter the cell.
May 5, 2024 · Epigenetics. Epigenetic mechanisms. In biology, epigenetics is the study of heritable traits, or a stable change of cell function, that happen without changes to the DNA sequence. [1] The Greek prefix epi- ( ἐπι- "over, outside of, around") in epigenetics implies features that are "on top of" or "in addition to" the traditional (DNA ...
