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1. • • A new Stanford University School of Medicine study of twins suggests that non-genetic factors play an unexpectedly large role in determining autism risk, turning upside down recent assumptions about the cause of this common, disabling developmental disorder.
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     Non-genetic factors play surprisingly large role in ...

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   Do non-genetic factors affect autism risk?

   • A new Stanford University School of Medicine study of twins suggests that non-genetic factors play an unexpectedly large role in determining autism risk, turning upside down recent assumptions about the cause of this common, disabling developmental disorder.

   Non-genetic factors play surprisingly large role in determining autism

   med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2011/07/non-genetic-factors-play-surprisingly-large-role-in-determining-autism-says-study-by-group.html

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   Are genetic and environmental risk factors associated with autism?

   • As already outlined, our knowledge about possible genetic and environmental risk factors for ASD is improving. However, the individual developmental trajectories and outcomes are not just the result of the influence of risk factors, as the interaction between risk and protective factors has to be considered as well.

   Risk and Protective Environmental Factors Associated with Autism

   www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6406684/

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   Are recurrent truncating mutations a risk factor for autism?

   • O’Roak BJ, Stessman HA, Boyle EA, Witherspoon KT, Martin B, Lee C, et al. Recurrent de novo mutations implicate novel genes underlying simplex autism risk. Nat Commun. 2014;5:5595. Krumm N, Turner TN, Baker C, Vives L, Mohajeri K, Witherspoon K, et al. Excess of rare, inherited truncating mutations in autism. Nat Genet. 2015;47:582–8.

   Environmental exposures associated with elevated risk for autism

   www.nature.com/articles/s41380-021-01142-w

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3. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › pmc › articlesEnvironmental factors influencing the risk of autism - PMC

   www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › pmc › articles

   Feb 16, 2017 · Environmental factors can affect the quality and quantity of gene expression without changing the DNA sequence through epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, changes in histone proteins, and expression of noncoding RNAs.

   • Table - PMC - National Center for Biotechnology Information

     PMC full text: J Res Med Sci. 2017; 22: 27. Published online...

   • Risk and Protective Environmental Factors Associated with ...

     Several environmental factors have been discussed in terms...

4. med.stanford.edu › news › all-newsNon-genetic factors play surprisingly large role in ...

   med.stanford.edu › news › all-news

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   Jul 4, 2011 · A new Stanford University School of Medicine study of twins suggests that non-genetic factors play an unexpectedly large role in determining autism risk, turning upside down recent assumptions about the cause of this common, disabling developmental disorder.

5. www.nature.com › articles › s41380/021/01142-wEnvironmental exposures associated with elevated risk for ...

   www.nature.com › articles › s41380/021/01142-w

   May 17, 2021 · Up to 5–15% of ASD probands possess risk-associated de novo mutations, indicating the significance of non-familial genetic variability in determining disorder risk.

   • Author: Kealan Pugsley, Stephen W Scherer, Mark A Bellgrove, Ziarih Hawi

   • Publish Year: 2021

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     Scientists Hone In On The Risk Factors That Can Cause Autism | CNBC

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     Autism and Genetics

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7. www.bmj.com › content › 368Linking risk factors and outcomes in autism spectrum disorder ...

   www.bmj.com › content › 368

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   Jan 28, 2020 · (1) The same risk factors that increase susceptibility for autism also increase risk for a wider range of neurodevelopmental disorders. 4 5 6 Some of these conditions emerge early on, eg, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and language disorders, while others emerge later in life, eg, schizophrenia and depression.

   • Author: Mayada Elsabbagh

   • Publish Year: 2020

8. www.frontiersin.org › articles › 10Genetic Causes and Modifiers of Autism Spectrum Disorder

   www.frontiersin.org › articles › 10

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   Aug 20, 2019 · Extensive genetic studies have revealed hundreds of genes linked to autism. Epidemiological investigations have begun to elucidate which environmental factors might be contributing to risk, but there is a lot left to understand about how they interact with genetic predisposition to contribute to ASD etiology.

9. link.springer.com › referenceworkentry › 10Environmental Risk Factors for Autism | SpringerLink

   link.springer.com › referenceworkentry › 10

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   Jan 1, 2021 · Environmental risk factors for autism may be broadly defined as any nongenetic contributor to the risk of autism and include reproductive-, dietary-, chemical-, and demographic-related exposures. Historical Background and Evidence for a Role of the Environment.