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The Eastern Romance languages are a group of Romance languages. The group, also called the Balkan Romance or Daco-Romance languages , [1] comprises the Romanian language (Daco-Romanian), the Aromanian language and two other related minor languages, Megleno-Romanian and Istro-Romanian .
The five most widely spoken Romance languages by number of native speakers are Spanish (489 million), Portuguese (240 million), [4] French (80 million), Italian (67 million) and Romanian (24 million), which are all national languages of their respective countries of origin.
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Vlachs. Vlach ( English: / ˈvlɑːx / or / ˈvlæk / ), also Wallachian (and many other variants [1] ), is a term and exonym used from the Middle Ages until the Modern Era to designate speakers of Eastern Romance languages living in Southeast Europe — south of the Danube (the Balkan peninsula) and north of the Danube.
- Names and Classification
- Population
- Origins
- History and Self-Identification
- Culture
- Aromanians Today
- Notable Aromanians
- Gallery
- See Also
- Further Reading
Ethnonyms
The term Aromanian derives directly from the Latin Romanus, meaning Roman citizen. The initial a- is a regular epenthetic vowel, occurring when certain consonant clusters are formed, and it is not, as folk etymology sometimes has it, related to the negative or privative a- of Greek (also occurring in Latin words of Greek origin). The term was coined by Gustav Weigand in his 1894 work Die Aromunen. The first book to which many scholars have referred to as the most valuable to translate their e...
Groups
German academic Thede Kahl, expert on Aromanian studies, divides the Aromanians into two main groups, the "Rrãmãnji" and "Armãnji", which are further divided into sub-groups. Rrãmãnji 1. Muzãchiars, from Muzachiasituated in southwestern-central Albania. 2. Fãrshãrots (or Fãrsherots), mostly concentrated in Epirus, from the Frashër (Aromanian Farshar) area in south-eastern Albania. 3. Moscopolitans or Moscopoleans, from the city of Moscopole, once an important urban center of the Balkans, now...
Nicknames
The Aromanian communities have several nicknames depending on the country where they are living. 1. Gramustians and Pindians are nicknamed Koutsovlachs (Greek: Κουτσόβλαχοι). This term is sometimes taken as derogatory, as the first element of this term is from the Greek koutso- (κουτσό-) meaning "lame". Following a Turkish etymology where küçükmeans "little" they are the smaller group of Vlachs as opposed to the more numerous Vlachs (Daco-Romanians). 2. Fãrsherots, from Frashër (Albania), Mos...
Settlements
The Aromanian community in Albania is estimated up to 200,000 people, including those who no longer speak the language. Tanner estimates that the community constitutes 2% of the population. In Albania, Aromanian communities inhabit Moscopole, their most famous settlement, the Kolonjë District (where they are concentrated), a quarter of Fier (Aromanian Ferãcã), while Aromanian was taught, as recorded by Tom Winnifrith, at primary schools in Andon Poçi near Gjirokastër, Shkallë (Aromanian Scarã...
The Aromanian language is related to the Vulgar Latin spoken in the Balkans during the Roman period. It is hard to establish the history of the Vlachs in the Balkans, with a gap between the barbarian invasions and the first mentions of the Vlachs in the 11th and 12th centuries. Byzantine chronicles are unhelpful, and only in the 13th, 14th and 15th...
The Aromanians or Vlachs first appear in medieval Byzantine sources in the 11th century, in the Strategikon of Kekaumenos and Anna Komnene's Alexiad, in the area of Thessaly. In the 12th century, the Jewish traveller Benjamin of Tudela records the existence of the district of "Vlachia" near Halmyros in eastern Thessaly, while the Byzantine historia...
Religion
The Aromanians are predominantly Orthodox Christians, and follow the Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar.
Cuisine
Aromanian cuisine is strongly influenced by Mediterranean and Middle Eastern cuisine.
Music
Polyphonic musicis common among the Aromanians, and follows a common set of rules.
In Greece
In Greece, Aromanians are not recognised as an ethnic but as a linguistic minority and, like the Arvanites, have been indistinguishable in many respects from other Greeks since the 19th century. Although Greek Aromanians would differentiate themselves from native Greeks (Grets) when speaking in Aromanian, most still consider themselves part of the broader Greek nation (Elini, Hellenes), which also encompasses other linguistic minorities such as the Arvanites or the Slavic speakers of Greek Ma...
In Albania
The exact presence of the Aromanian community in Albania is unknown. They are mostly concentrated in parts of southern and western Albania. 8,266 people declared themselves to be Aromanians in the 2011 census. On the quality of the specific data the Advisory Committee on the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities stated that "the results of the census should be viewed with the utmost caution and calls on the authorities not to rely exclusively on the data on nationalit...
In North Macedonia
According to official government figures (census 2002), there are 9,695 Aromanians or Vlachs, as they are officially called in North Macedonia. According to the census of 1953 there were 8,669 Vlachs, 6,392 in 1981 and 8,467 in 1994.Aromanians are recognized as an ethnic minority, and are hence represented in Parliament and enjoy ethnic, cultural, linguistic and religious rights and the right to education in their language. There are Aromanian cultural societies and associations such as the U...
The following is a list of notable people of full or partial Aromanian descent. Note that these claims are in many cases disputed or shared with ancestry from other ethnicties.
Vlach (Aromanian) herdsmen in Greece(Amand Schweiger from Lerchenfeld, 1887)Aromanian men of Macedonia, circa 1914Kutsovlachs in 1915"Report: The Vlachs". Greek Monitor of Human & Minority Rights. 1 (3). December 1995 [May–June 1994]. Archived from the original on 16 January 2015. Retrieved 27 May 2013.Gica, Alexandru. The recent history of the Aromanians in Southeast Europe. Scr/bd. Rome, 2010 (The Recent History of the Aromanians in Southeast Europe-Alexandru Gica | Republic Of Macedonia | Greece)Albanian and Eastern Romance, along with Bulgarian and Macedonian, are the core members of the Balkan linguistic area—an area of linguistic convergence affecting six to eight languages in the Balkan Peninsula (in Southeastern Europe ). [21] Linguists also list the Torlakian dialect of Serbo-Croatian and Greek among the members of the same ...
ISBN 978-3-030-36617-9. It [Albanian] is the official language of Albania, the co-official language of Kosovo, and the co-official language of many western municipalities of the Republic of Macedonia. Albanian is also spoken widely in some areas in Greece, southern Montenegro, southern Serbia, and in some towns in southern Italy and Sicily.
Sep 9, 2010 · Today, we will look at the remaining branch of Romance: Eastern or Balkan Romance. This branch includes several varieties of Romanian and a language called Aromanian, spoken by 50,000 people in Greece, as well as by smaller groups in Albania, Bulgaria, Macedonia, Romania and Serbia. Aromanian split from Romanian between 500 and 1000 C.E. and ...
