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Elena was born in c. 1464–1466. Her parents were Stephen III ("the Great"), the sovereign prince of Moldavia, and his first (or second) wife Princess Evdochia of Kiev. [4] [5] Negotiations to marry her to Ivan Ivanovich ("the Young"), heir to the throne of Moscow, began in the late 1470s. [5] Elena married Ivan the Young on 12 January 1483 ...
- c. 1464/1466
- Dmitry Ivanovich
- 18 January 1505 (aged 39 or 41), Moscow
Elena of Serbia 1530 four children: Illegitimate son of Stephen the Great. Stephen V Locust: 21 September 1538 – 20 December 1540 Chiajna before 1540 two children: Grandson of Stephen the Great. Alexandru Cornea the Evil: 21 December 1540 – 9/16 February 1541 Unmarried: Son of Bogdan III. Regency of Elena of Serbia (2/3 September 1546 - 30 ...
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Elena Stefanovna of Moldavia ( Russian: Елена Стефановна, romanized: Yelena Stefanovna ), also known as Elena of Wallachia ( Russian: Елена Волошанка, romanized: Yelena Voloshanka; c. 1464–1466 – 18 January 1505), was a Moldavian princess as a daughter of Stephen III, who later became the grand princess consort ...
Ilincu (Elena) a daughter of Prince Io Stefan III "the Great" Gospodar of Moldova (1457-1504) and his 2nd wife Yevdotia Olelkowicza, Princess of Kiev, married 12.1.1483 Moscow, Ivan "Molodoy" "the Younger" Great Duke of Tver (1485-90). Repudiated she was sent to prison after her husband's death and died 18.1.1505.
- Background
- Military Strength
- Military Conflict
- Ceasefire and Joint Control Commission
- Human Rights Abuses
- Foreign Involvement
- See Also
- Further Reading
Historical background
Before the Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina and the creation of the Moldavian SSR in 1940, the Bessarabian part of Moldova, i.e. the part situated to the west of the river Dniester (Nistru), was part of Romania (1918–1940). The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact between the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany, which led to the events of 1940, was later denounced by present-day Moldova, which declared it "null and void" in its Declaration of Independencein 1991. However, after the breakup...
Political background
Under Soviet rule, the Moldavian SSR became subject of policy of Russification, including isolation from the Romanian cultural sphere and the imposition of the Cyrillic alphabet for the Romanian language. During the last years of the 1980s, the political landscape of the Soviet Union was changing due to Mikhail Gorbachev's policies of perestroika and glasnost, which allowed political pluralism at the regional (republican) level. In the Moldavian SSR, as in many other parts of the Soviet Union...
Political conflict
The language laws presented a particularly volatile issue as a great proportion of the non-Moldovan population of the Moldavian SSR did not speak Moldovan (Romanian). The problem of the official language in the MSSR had become a Gordian knot, being exaggerated and, perhaps, intentionally politicized.[according to whom?]Some described the language laws as "discriminatory" and criticized their rapid implementation. Others, on the contrary, complained the laws were not followed. On 2 September 1...
By 1992, Moldova had troops under the Ministry of the Interior. On 17 March 1992, they started recruiting troops for the newly created Ministry of Defence.By July 1992, total Moldovan troop strength has been estimated at 25,000–35,000, including called-up police officers, conscripts, reservists and volunteers, especially from the Moldavian localiti...
The first fatalities in the emerging conflict took place on 2 November 1990, two months after the PMR's 2 September 1990 declaration of independence. Moldovan forces entered Dubăsari in order to separate Transnistria into two halves, but were stopped by the city's inhabitants, who had blocked the bridge over the Dniester, at Lunga. In an attempt to...
A ceasefire agreement was signed on 21 July. This official document whose broad lines was established by the Russian side, was signed by the presidents of Russia (Boris Yeltsin) and Moldova (Mircea Snegur). The agreement provided for peacekeeping forces charged with ensuring observance of the ceasefire and security arrangements, composed of five Ru...
According to a Human Rights Center "Memorial" report, local Bender eyewitnesses on 19 June 1992 saw Moldovan troops in armored vehicles deliberately firing at houses, courtyards and cars with heavy machine guns. The next day, Moldovan troops allegedly shot at civilians that were hiding in houses, trying to escape the city, or helping wounded PMR gu...
Involvement of the Russian Army
Although the Russian Army officially took the position of neutrality and non-involvement, many of its officers were sympathetic towards the fledgling Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR) and some even defected in order to help the PMR side openly. ROG Parcani sapper battalion, under the orders of General Butkevich, went over to the PMR side. This battalion later destroyed the bridges at Dubăsari, Gura Bâcului–Bâcioc and Coșnița. Moldovan forces used aircraft in the village of Parcani (Park...
Involvement of Russian and Ukrainian volunteers
Volunteers from Russia and Ukraine, including Don and Kuban Cossacks, fought on Transnistria's side. There is no general consensus on the number of volunteers or the military role they played in the conflict. Estimates range from as low as 200 to as high as 3,000. Russian volunteers included: Dmitry Rogozin, Eduard Limonov and Igor Girkin. During the Transnistria War, UNA-UNSO members fought alongside Transnistrian separatists against Moldovan government forces in defense of a large ethnic-Uk...
Involvement of Romania
Shortly before the escalation of the conflict in late June 1992, Romania provided military support to Moldova by supplying weaponry, ammunition and armed vehicles, and also by sending military advisers and training Moldovan military and police forces.Volunteers from Romania fought on Moldova's side.
Vlad Grecu, O viziune din focarul conflictului de la Dubăsari, Editura Prut International, Chișinău, 2005 (in Romanian)Covalschi, Stanislav; Leancă, Viorica (2014). "Aspect Geopolitic al Conflictului Transnistrean" [Geopolitical Aspect of the Transnistrian Conflict] (PDF). Jurnalul juridic național: Teorie și pract...- 2 November 1990 – 21 July 1992, (1 year, 8 months, 2 weeks and 5 days)
- Russian–Transnistrian victory, Transnistria becomes a de facto independent state, but remains internationally recognized as part of Moldova
Elena Stefanovna of Moldavia (Russian: Елена Стефановна, Elena of Wallachia, Russian: Елена Волошанка; 1465–1505), was a Moldavian royal and daughter of Stephen III, who became Crown Princess of Grand Duchy of Moscow by her marriage to Ivan the Young.
Elena Voloshanka Stefanovna of Moldavia , was a Moldavian royal and daughter of Stephen III, who became Crown Princess of Grand Duchy of Moscow by her marriage to Ivan the Young. Elena married Ivan the Young in 1483, giving birth to Prince Dmitry Ivanovich. After the death of her spouse in 1490, her son was appointed the next heir to the throne. She actively participated in politics at court ...
