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  1. At Messina he discovered phagocytosis after experimenting on the larvae of starfish. In 1882 he first demonstrated the process when he inserted small citrus thorns into starfish larvae, then found unusual cells surrounding the thorns.

    • 15 July 1916 (aged 71), Paris, France
  2. www.nature.com › articles › d41586/022/00306-0From the archive - Nature

    Feb 8, 2022 · I fetched some rose-thorns and introduced them under the skin of some beautiful starfish larvae ... I was too excited to sleep that night in the expectation of the result of my experiment, and...

  3. Aug 1, 2016 · In the starfish larvae, he saw cells capable of surrounding and ingesting foreign material. In transparent water fleas infected by a fungus, he observed the attack of leukocytes when spores ...

    • David M. Underhill, Siamon Gordon, Beat A. Imhof, Gabriel Núñez, Philippe Bousso
    • 2016
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  5. Jul 5, 2014 · In Messina, Mechnikov formed his theory of phagocytosis from observation of the moving cells surrounding foreign material in transparent starfish larvae. Mechnikov noted that the process was similar to the inflammatory response found in animals with vascular systems.

  6. Jul 1, 2008 · In 1883 (published in 1884), in a landmark experiment, Metchnikoff described migratory cells of mesodermal origin 'programmed' to attack foreign material 9. He challenged starfish larvae (...

    • Stefan H E Kaufmann
    • 2008
  7. Jan 1, 2017 · Metchnikoff’s celebrated discovery took place in Messina in 1882: He noticed that certain cells in starfish larvae (Coelenterata) surrounded and engulfed foreign particles during digestion process. He reproduced the same cell behavior by inserting small thorns from garden plants inside the larvae.

  8. Nov 24, 2012 · The following year, across the Atlantic, Russian embryologist Elie Metchnikoff was placing thorns in starfish larvae, noting amoeboid cellular entities that seemed to engulf the thorns.

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