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Northern Europe covers the northern portion of Europe. The region is defined geographically as consisting of all of Europe above 52nd parallel north with notable geographical features including North European Plain, Baltic Plain, and British Isle. The region consists of Scandinavian and Jutland Peninsula. The Northern European countries are Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Sweden, and the United Kingdom (10 countries).

Western Europe comprises of countries covering the western portion of the continent. The region was defined as countries with dominant Catholics and Protestants for decades. Western Europe includes the nine countries of Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco, the Netherlands, and Switzerland.

Although Eastern Europe covers the eastern portion of Europe, there is no consensus on the exact area it covers since the term has a wide range of socioeconomic and geopolitical connotations. However, the geographical boundaries of Eastern Europe are well defined except for its boundaries with Western Europe. According to the UN Geoscheme for Europe, the ten Eastern European countries are Belarus, Bulgaria, Czechia, Hungary, Poland, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, and Ukraine.