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The First French Empire, officially the French Republic, [5] [b] then the French Empire (French: Empire Français; Latin: Imperium Francicum) after 1809 and also known as Napoleonic France, was the empire ruled by Napoleon Bonaparte, who established French hegemony over much of continental Europe at the beginning of the 19th century. It lasted ...
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In 1804, Napoleon was titled Emperor by the senate, thus...
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The First French Empire 1 2, also known as the Greater French Empire or Napoleonic Empire, was the empire of Napoleon I of France. It was the main power of most of continental Europe during the early 19th century.
This is a list of the 130 departments (French: départements), the conventional name for the administrative subdivisions of the First French Empire at the height of its territorial extent, circa 1811.
In 1804, Napoleon was titled Emperor by the senate, thus founding the First French Empire. Napoleon's rule was constitutional, and although autocratic, it was much more advanced than traditional European monarchies of the time. The proclamation of the French Empire was met by the Third Coalition.
- Creation
- Hierarchy
- Heraldry
- Titles
Ennoblement started in 1804 with the creation of princely titles for members of Napoleon's family, the House of Bonaparte. Other titles followed: titles were created and, in 1808, those of count, baron, and knight. Napoleon founded the concept of "nobility of Empire" by an imperial decree on 1 March 1808. The purpose of this creation was to amalgam...
In Napoleon's nobility, there existed a strict and precise hierarchy of the titles, which granted office to some according to their membership of the imperial family, their rank in the army, or their administrative career in the civil or clericaladministrations: 1. Prince: for members of the imperial family, certain principal leaders of the Empire ...
Along with a new system of titles of nobility, the First French Empire also introduced a new system of heraldry. Napoleonic heraldry was based on traditional heraldry but was characterised by a stronger sense of hierarchy. It employed a rigid system of additional marks in the shield to indicate official functions and positions. Another notable diff...
Princes
There were three types of princely titles: 1. the princes impériaux or Imperial Princes (members of the imperial family): 1.1. the prince impérialor the Imperial Prince, Napoleon II (Napoleon's son) 1.2. the princes français or French Princes: 1.2.1. Joseph Bonaparte(from 1804), Napoleon's brother, hereditary in the male and female grandchildren line 1.2.2. Louis Bonaparte(from 1804), Napoleon's brother 1.2.3. Joachim Murat(from 1804), Napoleon's brother-in-law 1.2.4. Eugène de Beauharnais(fr...
Dukes
There were three types of ducal titles: 1. the duchés grands-fiefs or dukes of large fiefs outside the territory of the First French Empire (but with no rights of sovereignty): 1.1. Jean-Toussaint Arrighi de Casanova, Duc de Padoue, 1808 (extinct in 1888) 1.2. Jean-Baptiste Bessières, Duc d'Istrie, 1809 (extinct in 1856) 1.3. Jean-Jacques-Régis de Cambacérès, Duc de Parme, 1808 (extinct in 1824) 1.4. Armand-Augustin-Louis de Caulaincourt, Duc de Vicence, 1808 (extinct in 1896) 1.5. Henri Jacq...
Counts
The ordinary title of count (comte) always went in front of the name. It was subject to the same rules as the title of duke but with an income threshold of only 30,000 francs. Senators, ministers, and archbishops were all counts. From 1808 to 1814, 388 titles were created.
France was ruled by monarchs from the establishment of the Kingdom of West Francia in 843 until the end of the Second French Empire in 1870, with several interruptions. Classical French historiography usually regards Clovis I, king of the Franks (r. 507–511), as the first king of France.
In the history of France, the First Republic (French: Première République), sometimes referred to in historiography as Revolutionary France, and officially the French Republic (French: République française), was founded on 21 September 1792 during the French Revolution.
