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However, he also had an important role at both the Battle of Philomelion and Battle of Iconium in May 1190. Following his father's death on 10 June 1190 in the Saleph River in the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, Frederick VI took command of the German forces and led them south towards Antioch. [15]
- 28 November 1170 – 20 January 1191
- Beatrice I, Countess of Burgundy
- Overview
- Early years
- Consolidation of the empire
Frederick II (born December 26, 1194, Jesi, Ancona, Papal States [Italy]—died December 13, 1250, Castel Fiorentino, Apulia, Kingdom of Sicily) king of Sicily (1197–1250), duke of Swabia (as Frederick VI, 1228–35), German king (1212–50), and Holy Roman emperor (1220–50). A Hohenstaufen and grandson of Frederick I Barbarossa, he pursued his dynasty’s...
In 1196, Frederick, at the age of two, was elected king by the German princes at Frankfort. His father, however, failed in his attempt to gain the princes’ support to make Frederick’s succession hereditary. Just before embarking on a Crusade to the Holy Land, Emperor Henry died in September 1197 after a brief illness, only 32 years old. Though the medieval Roman Empire was at the height of its strength, the emperor’s death brought it close to dissolution.
After the death of her husband, Empress Constance had young Frederick brought to Sicily, where in May 1198 he was crowned king of Sicily. Before her death later that year, Constance loosened the bonds that joined Sicily to the empire and to Germany by appointing Pope Innocent III her son’s guardian as well as regent of the Kingdom of Sicily, which was already under papal suzerainty. In Germany two rival kings were elected, Frederick’s uncle Philip of Swabia and Otto of Brunswick, as Otto IV.
Even the pope, however, did not succeed in protecting Sicily from many years of anarchy. German and papal captains, local barons, and Sicilian Saracens, as well as the cities of Genoa and Pisa, fought for mastery of the country. The situation was not stabilized until the imperial chancellor conquered Palermo in November 1206 and governed in Frederick’s name. In December 1208 Frederick, then 14, was declared of age.
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In 1209 he married the much older Constance of Aragon, who brought him an urgently needed troop of knights with whose help he gained control of Sicily, defeated a conspiracy of the barons, and was partially successful in regaining the crown properties that had been lost during his minority. At this time his relations with the pope began to show signs of strain.
In April 1220 Frederick’s nine-year-old son, Henry VII, was elected king by the German princes, thus negating Frederick’s promise to Pope Innocent that he would relinquish control of Sicily in favour of Henry, for it meant that Sicily and Germany would eventually be united under one ruler. Although Frederick sought to exonerate himself with Pope Honorius III by claiming that the election had been held without his knowledge, he had to pay for it by surrendering extensive royal prerogatives to the German ecclesiastical princes.
Crowned emperor by the pope in St. Peter’s Church, in Rome, on November 22, 1220, Frederick confirmed on the same day the legal separation of the empire from the Kingdom of Sicily while continuing the existing personal union. In addition, he granted important privileges to the Italian ecclesiastics and issued laws against heretics, and it seemed indeed that harmony had been reestablished between the emperor and the pope for some years to come. Frederick spent the following years consolidating his rule in Sicily. He broke the resistance of the barons to revocation of certain of their privileges and defeated the rebellious Saracens (1222–24), whom he later resettled in Apulia where they became his most faithful subjects, providing him with a loyal bodyguard immune to papal influence.
- Gunther Wolf
Frederick VI 1170–1191: February 1167 Modigliana son of Frederick III and Beatrice of Burgundy: unmarried: 20 January 1191 Acre aged 24 Conrad II 1191–1196: February or March 1173 son of Frederick III and Beatrice of Burgundy: unmarried: 15 August 1196 Durlach aged 23 Philip 1196–1208: August 1177 son of Frederick III and Beatrice of ...
NameBirthMarriage (s)DeathFrederick I 1079–11051050 son of Frederick of Büren and ...Agnes of Germany 1089 11 children21 July 1105 aged 54 or 55Frederick II the One-Eyed 1105–11471090 son of Frederick I and Agnes of ...Judith of Bavaria 1121 2 children Agnes ...6 April 1147 aged 56 or 57Frederick III Barbarossa 1147–11521122 son of Frederick II and Judith of ...Adelheid of Vohburg 2 March 1147 Eger no ...10 June 1190 aged 67 or 68Frederick IV 1152–11671145 son of Conrad III of Germany and ...Gertrude of Bavaria 1166 no children19 August 1167 Rome aged 21 or 22People also ask
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Frederick II ( Friedrich II, 1090 – 6 April 1147), called the One-Eyed, was Duke of Swabia from 1105 until his death, the second from the Hohenstaufen dynasty. His younger brother Conrad was elected King of the Romans in 1138. Life. Early career.
- 1105 - 6 April 1147
- Frederick I, Duke of Swabia
Germany and the Hohenstaufen, 1125–1250. Dynastic competition, 1125–52. The nearest kinsmen of Henry V were his Hohenstaufen nephews— Frederick, duke of Swabia, and his younger brother Conrad —the sons of Henry’s sister Agnes and Frederick, the first Hohenstaufen duke of Swabia.
The second of the Hohenstaufen rulers, Frederick I (r. 1152-90), also known as Frederick Barbarossa because of his red beard, struggled throughout his reign to restore the power and prestige of the German monarchy.
Frederick I (born c. 1123—died June 10, 1190) was the duke of Swabia (as Frederick III, 1147–90) and German king and Holy Roman emperor (1152–90), who challenged papal authority and sought to establish German predominance in western Europe.
