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- Encyclopedias of General Content in Hebrew and Yiddish Outside of Israel
- Encyclopedias of Jewish Content only
- Encyclopedias in Israel
- Jews and Judaism in General Encyclopedias
- Israel Encyclopedias
The first Hebrew encyclopedias were translations or adaptations of Arabic works, which were intended as systematic presentations of the sciences in the medieval Aristotelian scheme, not usually arranged in alphabetical order. The first of these was Yesodei ha-Tevunah u-Migdal ha-Emunah by *Abraham b. Ḥiyya ha-Nasi of Barcelona (in the early 12th ce...
The first large Jewish encyclopedia in alphabetical arrangement was Paḥad Yiẓḥak (13 vols., 1750–1888) by Isaac ben Samuel *Lampronti, a physician in Ferrara, who worked on this reference book covering Talmud, rabbinics, and responsa throughout his life, part of it being published posthumously. It was the first such enterprise to be completed to th...
The first general encyclopedia in Palestine on a large scale was the Enẓiklopedyah Kelalit (6 vols., 1935–37). It was conceived and planned by Joseph Klausner. A work on a larger scale is the Enẓiklopedyah Kelalit Yizre'el (16 vols., 1950–61). Another popular work is the Enẓiklopedyah Kelalit Massadah(6 vols., 1960–61) with a supplementary volume (...
Until the 19thcentury the treatment of Jews and Judaism in encyclopedias as well as in all other reference works was determined by the Christian point of view. Primary attention was paid to the biblical period as a background to Christianity, but very little interest was shown in the period that followed. Among the first general encyclopedias to de...
General and Jewish Content
J. Klausner (ed.), Enẓiklopedyah Kelalit, 6 vols. (1935–37); Ha-Enẓiklopedyah ha-Ivrit, 21 vols. (1949–81); Enẓiklopedyah Kelalit Yizre'el, 16 vols. (1950–61); D. Pines (ed.), Enẓiklopedyah la-Am, 3 vols. (1956–57); Enẓiklopedyah Kelalit Massadah, 6 vols. and supplement (1958–66).
Junior Encyclopedias
S.Z. Ariel (ed.), Enẓiklopedyah Maʾ yan, 12 vols. (1950–62); Y. Safra (ed.), Margaliyyot, Enẓiklopedyah li-Yladim, 9 vols. (1954–66); I. Avnon (ed.), Mikhlal, Enziklopedyah la-No'ar, 15 vols. (19632).
Special Encyclopedias
Ha-Enẓiklopedyah le-Ḥakla'ut (vol. 1, 1966), in progress; Education: Enẓiklopedyah ẓinnukhit, 5 vols. (1959–69); History: M. Timor, Enziklopedyah-le Historyah; H. Messing, Enẓiklopedyah Historit shel Medinot ha-Olam (1966); Literature: B. Karou (ed.), Enẓiklopedyah le-Safrut Yisraelit u-Khelalit, 4 vols. (19612); J. Twersky, Sifrut ha-Olam, Leksikon, 4 vols. (1962/63–1963/64); Music: I. Shalita, Enẓiklopedyah le-Musikah, 2 vols (1965); Social sciences: Enẓiklopedyah le-Madda'ei ha-Ḥevrah, 6 v...
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Google Dictionary is an online dictionary service of Google that can be accessed with the " define " operator and other similar phrases [note 1] in Google Search. [2] . It is also available in Google Translate and as a Google Chrome extension. The dictionary content is licensed from Oxford University Press 's Oxford Languages. [3] .
