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Throughout Wikipedia, the pronunciation of words is indicated by means of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). The following tables list the IPA symbols used for English words and pronunciations.
This article includes inline links to audio files. If you have trouble playing the files, see Wikipedia Media help. Here is a basic key to the symbols of the International Phonetic Alphabet. For the smaller set of symbols that is sufficient for English, see Help:IPA/English.
SymbolExamples[ a] ⓘModern RP c a t, German Mann, French ...[ ä] ⓘMandarin 他 tā, American English father, ...[ ɐ] ⓘRP cut, German Kaiserslautern[ ɑ] ⓘRP father, French pâte, Dutch badPeople also ask
What does IPA mean on Wikipedia?
How do I use IPA?
What is IPAc en?
Can IPA be used as a respelling system?
This is an introduction to the International Phonetic Alphabet ( IPA) for English-speaking Wikipedians. Its purpose is to explain the IPA's basic principles to English speakers. IPA clearly and unambiguously indicates how a word or name actually sounds with one letter for each sound.
- Distinction Between Varieties of English
- Foreign Names
- Tone
- Opening of Lead
- Footnote
- Infobox
- English
- Other Languages
- Cleanup
- Numeric Entry
It is often possible to transcribe a word in a generic way that is not specific to any one accent, e.g. Oxford as /ˈɒksfərd/. Speakers of non-rhotic accents, as in much of Australia, England, New Zealand, and Wales, will pronounce the second syllable [fəd], those with the father–bother merger, as in much of the US and Canada, will pronounce the fir...
When a foreign name has a set English pronunciation (or pronunciations), include both the English and foreign-language pronunciations; the English transcription must always be first. If the native name is different from the English name, the native transcription must appear after the native name. For example: which gives:Venezuela (/ˌvɛnəˈzweɪlə/; ...
Tone should always be included in the transcriptions of tonal languages. Because tone numbers are ambiguous—the reader may not know whether [ma4] is supposed to be high tone, low tone, or a tone number, for example—IPA transcriptions should use diacritic marks ([má]) or tone letters ([ma˦]), unless the article explains the numbering system. If a la...
Transcriptions are frequently placed immediately after the head words of the article in dictionary format: 1. London (/ˈlʌndən/ LUN-dən) is the... or even, 1. London /ˈlʌndən/is the... This method is good when the pronunciation can be adequately covered in a short parenthetic string. However, this method can become distracting, especially when alte...
Another possibility is to relegate everything beyond the most common pronunciation to a footnote, or to remove all of it to a footnote. Examples: NGreenwich Village (/ˈɡrɛnɪtʃ/ GREN-itch, /ˈɡrɛnɪdʒ/ GREN-ij, /ˈɡrɪnɪtʃ/ GRIN-itch, /ˈɡrɪnɪdʒ/ GRIN-ij), in New York often simply called "the Village"... YGreenwich Village,[pron 1] in New York often simp...
Several infobox templates provide for a pronunciation entry. In such articles there is generally no need to repeat it in the lead. Examples: 1. Template:Infobox medical condition: psoriasis 1. Template:Infobox (chemical) element: Tungsten 1. Template:Infobox scientist (Using meta-infobox Template:Infobox person): Albert Einstein The IPA should alwa...
For more aid to the reader, there are multiple templates specific to various languages. For generic English, {{IPAc-en}} should be used, which will link the notation to Help:IPA/English, which is a key of established conventions for transcription of English on Wikipedia, and automates conversion to IPA and provides mouse-over keys. A description of...
In the first parameter of {{IPA}}, enter the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code or the 3-letter ISO 639-3 code for the language in question, as in {{IPA|el|...}} for Greek or {{IPA|fa|...}} for Persian. A few languages also have dedicated templates that automatically convert ordinary letters (or conventional ASCII equivalents) to IPA characters that are used ...
If you're not sure how to fix a messed-up, provincial, or ambiguous transcription, there are several cleanup templates, which are monitored by editors who do. These are: 1. {{Needs IPA}}, an inline tag for pronunciations which do not include the IPA, for which an attempt at the IPA is inadequate (this includes correct IPA for what appears to be an ...
The following methods require you to know the Unicode code point of the character you wish to enter: for example, the IPA symbol [ɒ] is represented by the hexadecimal value U+0252. See the resources links below for reference charts. Enter them using a numeric keyboard input method 1. On most Windows keyboard layouts, type alt-0–2–5–2 for ɒ (Note: R...
Throughout Wikipedia, the pronunciation of words is indicated by means of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). The following tables list the IPA symbols used for English words and pronunciations. Please note that several of these symbols are used in ways that are specific to Wikipedia and differ from those used by dictionaries.
The English Wikipedia is the only major dictionary that has adopted Bolinger’s sign ɵ in a broad phonemic IPA transcription scheme (for an overview of other dictionaries’ broad phonemic IPA transcription schemes, see Help:IPA conventions for English#Reduced vowels ).
Below are answers to frequently asked questions (FAQ) about the corresponding page Help:IPA/English. They address concerns, questions, and misconceptions which have repeatedly arisen on the talk page.
