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Henry III (1 October 1207 – 16 November 1272), also known as Henry of Winchester, was King of England, Lord of Ireland, and Duke of Aquitaine from 1216 until his death in 1272. The son of King John and Isabella of Angoulême, Henry assumed the throne when he was only nine in the middle of the First Barons' War.
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- William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke
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- John, King of England
- Succession
- Barons' War & William Marshal
- Reign & Criticisms
- Simon de Montfort & Civil War
- Death & Successor
Henry was born on 1 October 1207 CE at Winchester Palace in Hampshire, the son of King John of England and Queen Isabella of Angouleme (c. 1188-1246 CE). The young prince would be thrust into the limelight of state before any preparation was possible. King John died of fever on 18 October 1216 CE when Henry was still only nine years old. John had d...
Crucially, the king held on to Windsor Castle and Dover Castleso that Henry could face the remaining rebel barons and Prince Louis at Lincoln on 20 May 1217 CE. Marshal led the English army in person, and just before the battle he gave a rousing speech to his frontline troops, declaring that the enemy had so positioned their forces that he would wi...
Henry took on direct rule in January 1227 CE, aged 20. The historian Dan Jones gives the following description of the king: What the king lacked in good looks he certainly made up for in longevity. However, the king quickly gained a reputation for being indecisive and easily swayed. Even worse, the barons never took to him, perceiving him as just a...
All of these disappointments exasperated the barons to such an extent that some supported the king's brother-in-law Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester and made him, in effect, co-ruler with Henry. The Provisions of Oxford (June 1258 CE) set out that taxes should go to the Treasury and not be available for the king's whims, and that a ruling counc...
Henry died, probably of a stroke, on 16 November 1272 CE aged 65; he had reigned for an impressive 56 years, a record that would not be beaten until George III of England (r. 1760-1820 CE). He was buried in Westminster Abbey and succeeded by his son who had already been ruling in his name and who now became Edward I of England. Edward was crowned o...
- Mark Cartwright
Henry III (1 October 1207 – 16 November 1272), also known as Henry of Winchester, was King of England, Lord of Ireland, and Duke of Aquitaine from 1216 until his death in 1272. The son of King John and Isabella of Angoulême, Henry assumed the throne when he was only nine in the middle of the First Barons' War.
Henry III was one of England’s greatest royal builders exceeding in scale of patronage anything achieved by his predecessors since 1066 – in all, over his reign, spending some £30,000 on his residences. He was extremely interested in architecture, sculpture and painting, passions shared by his wife, Eleanor of Provence (m. 1236).
Henry III (October 1, 1207 – November 16, 1272) was the son and successor of John Lackland as King of England, reigning for fifty-six years, from 1216 to his death. His contemporaries knew him as Henry of Winchester. He was the first child king in England following the Norman Conquest.
United Kingdom - Henry III, 1216-72, Monarchy | Britannica. Contents. Home Geography & Travel Countries of the World. Henry III (1216–72) Minority. The years until his death in 1219 were dominated by William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke.
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