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World in 1914 map. Step 1: Color and edit the map. Select the color you want and click on a country on the map. Right-click to remove its color, hide, and more. Tools... Select color: Tools... Background: Border color:
In 1915, a British medical officer on the Western Front reported on a soldier with relapsing fever, headache, dizziness, lumbago, and shin pain. Within months, additional cases were described, mostly in frontline troops, and the new disease was called trench fever. More than 1 million troops were infected with trench fever during World War 1, with each affected soldier unfit for duty for more ...
- Gregory M Anstead
- 2016
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fever. This Historical Review will outline the 3-year quest to identify the epidemiology and cause of trench fever, an infection that would sap the manpower resources of both sides during World War 1. The discoveries of the mode of transmission and causative organism of trench fever represent triumphs of rigorous clinical investigation over
- What Is Trench Fever?
- Trench Fever and Body Lice
- Other Names
- Cause
- Chatting About Lice
- Symptoms
- Life and Lice in The Trenches
- Number 9, Doctor's Orders!
- Treatment
- J.R.R. Tolkien and Trench Fever
From early on in World War I, men started falling ill to a mysterious illness. It wasn't terribly serious, but it was debilitating. Up to a third of British troops seen by doctors during the war were thought to have been suffering from the disease. The initial symptoms of the illness were generally short-lived, but recovery was often slow, and the ...
The human body louse (Pediculus humanus humanus), very similar in appearance to the head louse, infests people living nearby amidst unhygienic conditions. The louse doesn't actually live on the body but rather in the host's clothes, particularly around the seams. It does feed on the host's blood, moving to the skin to feed. The movement of the lice...
Trench fever is characterised by a five day fever, so it is sometimes called: 1. Quintan fever 2. Five-day fever It is also known as: 1. Wolhynia fever 2. Shinbone fever 3. His disease 4. His-Werner disease (Wilhelm His Jr. and Heinrich Werner were amongst the first to describe trench fever).
Body lice spread trench fever, but the disease itself was caused by the bacterium Bartonella quintana. This bacterium was finally isolated in the 1960s by J.W. Vinson in Mexico City. Infection occurred when a louse carrying the bacterium defecated whilst feeding. If the host scratched, the bacterium-infected feces would be spread across and into th...
Troops in World War I might not have been aware that lice caused trench fever, but they wanted to eliminate the lice that infested their clothing. They called their unwelcome visitors "chats." "Chatting" took place regularly, with men removing their clothes and doing their best to get the lice out of the seams. They either picked them out or ran a ...
Trench fever had a long incubation period, with men reporting illness between two weeks and a month after infection. The symptoms included: 1. Sudden fever 2. Loss of energy 3. Intense headache 4. Skin rash 5. Pain in the eyeballs 6. Dizziness 7. Muscle aches 8. Constant, severe pain and sensitivity in the shins—hence "Shinbone fever" The fever had...
Lice thrive in squalid conditions in which humanity is packed together. The trenches of the Western Front provided ideal breeding grounds. Men had limited access to bathing facilities or clean clothes, and when the temperatures dropped, they would huddle together for warmth, making it easy for lice to pass from one host to another. A female louse c...
If you have ever played bingo, you will know the call "Number 9, Doctor's Orders!". Troops often played bingo in their free time, and the call is one of theirs, referencing the ubiquitous Pill No. 9.
Medical Officers during World War I tended to put trench fever down as PUO—pyrexia (i.e., fever) of unknown origin. Often, they would take a stern view and prescribe "M&D"—medicine and duty. The unfortunate soldier would be returned to duty with some medicine, often the notorious Pill No. 9. Pill No. 9 was a laxative beloved of the British Army doc...
John Reginald Reuel Tolkien served as a signals officer with the Lancashire Fusiliers during World War 1. He succumbed to trench fever on 27 October 1916 and was evacuated to the UK on 8 November 1916. Tolkien was never fit for active service again (he also suffered from trench foot) and spent the rest of the war either convalescing or on garrison ...
The first World War, 1914-1918. The war that broke out in the summer of 1914 was expected to end quickly, according to the military authorities. Instead, it would last more than four years. The introduction of new weapons and, in particular, the massive use of artillery at an unprecedented level led to heavy losses for all the main protagonists.
Two wars in the Balkans fail to settle regional rivalries. The Balkans, the area around the Aegean Sea in the Southeast of Europe, was one of the continent's most volatile regions in 1914. The ...
World War I maps. These World War I maps have been selected and compiled by Alpha History authors. Maps appearing here are in the public domain or appear under creative commons licenses. 1914 - Outline map of Europe. 1914 - A satirical map of Europe. 1914 - The British Empire.
