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This is a timeline of Italian history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Italy and its predecessor states, including Ancient Rome and Prehistoric Italy. Date of the prehistoric era are approximate.
Since classical antiquity, ancient Etruscans, various Italic peoples (such as the Latins, Samnites, and Umbri), Celts, Magna Graecia colonists, and other ancient peoples have inhabited the Italian Peninsula. Italy was the birthplace and centre of the ancient Roman civilisation.
- 753 BC: The “Foundation of Rome”
- 509 BC: The Creation of The Roman Republic
- 338 BC: The Settlement of The Latin War
- 264–146 BC: The Punic Wars
- The Second and First Centuries BC: The Hellenisation of Rome
- 67–62 BC: Pompey in The East
- 31 BC–AD 14: Augustus Reintroduces Monarchy to Rome
- Ad 235–284: The Third Century Crisis
- Ad 312: Constantine Converts to Christianity
- Ad 410: The Fall of Rome
By the last century BC, Romansbelieved that Rome had been founded in exactly 753 BC. The story was that the twins Romulus and Remus, sons of the god Mars, were left to die by being put in a basket, set adrift on the river Tiber. The makeshift vessel eventually came ashore at the future site of Rome. Here, the babies were suckled by a she-wolf, then...
As with the foundation of the city, later Romans believed they knew the precise date of the beginning of the Republic: 509 BC, when the seventh and last king of Rome, the tyrannical Tarquinius Superbus, was thought to have been ousted by an aristocratic coup. Although sources for the early Republic are better than those for the preceding regal peri...
Between 341 and 338 BC the Romans faced a rebellion by their neighbouring Latin allies. After Rome emerged victorious, the settlement they imposed underpinned subsequent Roman conquests of Italy and overseas territories. The Latins, and other Italian allies, were forbidden to conduct diplomacy or enter into treaties with other states. They were not...
Rome fought three wars against the great North African city of Carthage. These are known as the Punic Wars, from the Latin name for Carthaginians, Poeni. The First Punic War (264–241 BC) was fought over control of the island of Sicily, and many of the crucial clashes were naval battles. Rome demonstrated its adaptability in building its first large...
During the last two centuries BC, Rome conquered the Eastern Mediterranean by defeating the Hellenistic [ancient Greek] kingdoms founded by the successors of Alexander the Great. These conquests had profound implications for Roman society. Rome’s relationship with Greek culture was different from that of any other people incorporated into its empir...
Although far less well known than Caesar’s conquest of Gaul (58–51 BC), the exploits of Pompey in the eastern Mediterranean were more significant in the expansion of Rome. Pompey initially went to the east in 67 BC as part of his campaign against pirates who were infesting the Mediterranean. Having crushed the pirates in just three months, in 66 BC...
The expansion of the empire destroyed the Roman Republic. Institutions designed for a small city-state could not rule a world empire. Above all, vast military campaigns required generals who commanded armies over wide territories for several years. By the last century BC, these generals would lead their armies against Rome and each other. After a w...
In the 50 years between AD 235 and 284, the Roman empire suffered chronic political and military instability. Amid endemic civil wars and defeats at the hands of barbarians, emperors came and went with bewildering rapidity. The average reign was no more than 18 months, and many survived for much shorter periods. Three factors brought about the cris...
At the battle of the Milvian Bridge in AD 312, the emperor Constantine sent his troops into combat with crosses painted on their shields. By the end of his life, he claimed that before the battle he had experienced a vision in which he was given the divine command: “in this sign conquer”. Constantine’s conversion to Christianity had a profound effe...
In AD 410 the Goths sacked the city of Rome. Sixty-six years later Romulus Augustulus (the ‘Little Emperor’) was deposed, and the Roman empire in the west was at an end. It has been estimated that more than 200 modern explanations have been put forward to explain the fall of Rome. These range from the rise of Christian monks and clergy (so many unp...
3300 BCE - 2024. History of Italy. The history of Italy covers the ancient period, the Middle Ages, and the modern era. Since classical antiquity, ancient Etruscans, various Italic peoples (such as the Latins, Samnites, and Umbri), Celts, Magna Graecia colonists, and other ancient peoples have inhabited the Italian Peninsula.
Mar 31, 2024 · 1. Rome’s Birth/Foundation – 753 BC. 2. The Beginning of the Roman Empire – 27 BC. 3. The Fall of the Western Roman Empire – 476 AD. 4. Fall Of The Eastern Roman Empire – 1453 AD. 5. The Papal States – 754 AD to 1870. 6. Various Reigns and Republics (700 – 1861) 7. The Kingdom of Italy Begins – 1861. 8.
Jul 11, 2019 · This timeline of major events in ancient history includes dates and events that led to or impacted the great western civilizations of Greece and Rome.
Article History. Latin: Italia. Major Events: Social War. Related Topics: Etruscan. Related Places: Italy. ancient Rome. Cisalpine Gaul. Italy, in Roman antiquity, the Italian Peninsula from the Apennines in the north to the “boot” in the south.
