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But Canada also has its own long history of slavery, and the legacy of slavery lives on in anti‐Black racism in Canada today. Practices of enslavement in what is now Canada predate the arrival of Europeans. Some Indigenous peoples enslaved prisoners taken in war. 1 Europeans brought a different kind of slavery to North America, however.
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Sleeping car porters played an essential role during the...
- One Woman's Resistance
The story of Black slavery in Canadian history. By Steve...
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Black slaves would be transported to the colony to work in various ca-pacities for diverse Whites who owned them and their labour. Slavery was the dominant condition for African Canadians for over two centuries from 1629 to 1834. Both the French and British colonial regimes enacted laws and ordinances that legalized slavery and gave
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of slavery all over the world." black history in 4 Òview of the fuli town and plantations about it.Ó an example of an african village / tracy w. mcgregor library of american his tory, university of virginia library, Ôbedford basin near halifaxÕ, ca.1835, by robert petley / library and archives canada,Ôa black woodcutter at shelburne, nova sc
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Slavery in Canada. The enslavement of Blacks in Canada is a little-known fact. However, slavery was practised under both the French and British colonial regimes, and lasted for more than two centuries. It was recognized by law and custom. The enslavement of Black people in Canada was part of the larger process of the Transatlantic Slave Trade ...
- Terminology
- Enslavement in New France
- Enslavement in British North America
- Slave Ownership in Canada
- Slave Labour: Forced to Work For Free
- Treatment
- Resistance
- Legal Challenges to Enslavement
- Abolition
There is debate about the terms enslavement and enslaved people, on one hand, and slavery and slaves on the other. Many authors and historians use both sets of terms, which have similar meanings but can represent different perspectives on historical events. For example, slave is used to describe a person’s property. It is a noun that critics of the...
In the early 17th century, French colonizers in New France began the practice of chattel slavery, in which people were treated as personal property that could be bought, sold, traded and inherited. The first slaves in New France were Indigenous peoples a large percentage of whom came from the Pawnee Nation located in present-day Nebraska, Oklahoma ...
When the British conquered New France in 1760, the Articles of Capitulation, signed at the surrender of Montréalon 8 September 1760, included a specific clause on enslavement. Article XLVII stated: The Negroes and panis of both sexes shall remain, in their quality of slaves, in the possession of the French and Canadians to whom they belong; they sh...
Slave owning was widespread in colonial Canada. Individuals from all levels of society owned slaves, not just the political and social elite. People who enslaved Black persons included government and military officials, disbanded soldiers, Loyalists, merchants, fur traders, tavern and hotel keepers, millers, tradesmen, bishops, priests and nuns. Wh...
French and English colonies depended on slave labour for economic growth. The intention of enslaving Black people was to exploit their labour. Colonists wanted free labour to increase their personal wealth, and in turn, enhance local and colonial economies. In Canada, the majority of enslaved people worked as domestic servants in households, cookin...
A persistent myth suggests that people enslaved in Canada were treated better than those enslaved in the United States and the Caribbean. But since the belief that Black persons were less than human was used to justify enslavement in all three places, it stands to reason that the treatment of enslaved Black people in Canada was comparable. As chatt...
Black people resisted enslavement in different ways. Some enslaved Black people, mainly women, left their owner’s property for short periods of time without permission. This was called petit marronage. Other forms of personal rebellion included pretending to be physically or mentally ill, or lying and scheming to find ways to get out of slave labou...
The abolitionist movement in Britain had argued against the transatlantic slave trade since the 1770s. Abolitionism soon made its way to British North America, where a number of legal challenges were made against the institution of slavery. By the early 1800s, Lower Canada, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia had attempted to abolish slavery but failed. ...
Although the practice of enslavement had decreased considerably by the 1820s, it remained legal in British North America. The children born in 1793, when the Act to Limit Slavery in Upper Canada took effect, turned 25 by 1818. Therefore, they were no longer slave property and their children were born free. However, a very small number of Black peop...
to Black history and culture has been celebrated. We hope it will assist you in teaching this important aspect of Canadian history in your English, Social Studies, History or Law classroom. A Message to Teachers A Message from Lawrence Hill Synopsis of The Book of Negroes Black History in Canada Timeline Journey: The Story of Aminata Diallo
Black history in Canada is a living history. The legacies of enslavement and racism continue to affect Black communities throughout the country, particularly in the form of individual and institutionalized anti-Black discrimination. The topics in this guide should be broached critically and with compassion.
