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Model used to measure positions on Earth
- The horizontal datum is the model used to measure positions on Earth. A specific point can have substantially different coordinates, depending on the datum used to make the measurement. There are hundreds of local horizontal datums around the world, usually referenced to some convenient local reference point.
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What is a horizontal (geometric) datum?
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A horizontal datum is used to measure a location across the Earth 's surface, in latitude and longitude or another coordinate system; a vertical datum is used to measure the elevation or depth relative to a standard origin, such as mean sea level (MSL).
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Oct 29, 2023 · A horizontal (geometric) datum (or reference frame) forms a basis for computations of horizontal positions on the Earth. It is a collection of specific points on the Earth’s surface that have been accurately identified according to their precise northerly or southerly location (latitude) and easterly or westerly location (longitude).
May 21, 2023 · For instance, in geometry, we use x (horizontal) and y (vertical) coordinates to define points on a two-dimensional plane. The coordinate system used to define locations on the three-dimensional earth is the geographic coordinate system (GCS), based on a sphere or spheroid.
Horizontal datums define the geometric relationship between a coordinate system grid and the Earth's surface. Because the Earth's shape is complex, the relationship is too. The goal of this section is to explain the relationship. Specifically, in this section of Chapter 2 you will learn to: explain the concept of a horizontal datum;
At its most basic level of definition, the horizontal datum is a collection of specific points on the Earth that have been identified according to their precise northerly or southerly location (latitude) and easterly or westerly location (longitude) (National Geodetic Survey, 1986).