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- Muslim Arab expansion in the first centuries after Muhammad's death soon established dynasties in North Africa, West Africa, to the Middle East, and south to Somalia by the Companions of the Prophet, most notably the Rashidun Caliphate and military advents of Khalid Bin Walid, Amr ibn al-As, and Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas.
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What is the history of Islam in West Africa?
How did Islam spread in West Africa?
Who were the first people to convert to Islam in West Africa?
When did Islam spread among the Yoruba?
The first West Africans to be converted were the inhabitants of the Sahara, the Berbers, and it is generally agreed that by the second half of the tenth century, the Sahara had become Dar al-Islam that is the country of Islam. In this chapter, we shall look at the spread of Islam in West Africa as well as the effects of Islam.
- The Prophet Muhammad’s Message of Unity: The History of Islam in Africa
- Arab Eyes on Mediterranean Africa
- How Islam Spread to Africa: The Role of Trade, Conversion, and Military Conquest
- The Spread of Islam in Africa: The Role of Trade, Conversion, and Resistance
- The Decline of Christianity in North Africa: The Role of Islam and Trade
- The Golden Age of Islam in Africa: A History of Reform and Revival
- How The Arabic Language Preceded Islamization in Africa
- The Portal Into West Africa
- The Myth of Arab Military Conquests in The Spread of Islam in Africa
- How Merchants Introduced Islam to Africa
The Prophet Muhammad reminded the Muslim world, “We are a single community, distinct from others.” The distinction shapes the Muslim’s religious identity and underlines the nature of the Islamic ideal, whether the purity of the monotheistic concept, the uncompromising quest for morality, or the lifelong seeking of knowledge. It also accentuates the...
In the seventh century, Islam entered Africa from the northeast corner. Unbeknownst to the second caliph Umar Ibn al-Khattab, his most competent general, Amr Ibn al-As’, led as many as twelve thousand soldiers and archers across what is now the Red Sea and conquered the city of Fustat (which became Cairo in 920). With relative ease, Amr claimed Fus...
Umar reminded his soldiers who were stationed in both Syria and Egypt, “we are a nation of arms.” Yet, he forewarned his troops, Bedouin tribesman who he perceived as naive, to “co-exist with them [the local people], but not to assimilate.” After effortlessly seizing the former Roman-conquered cities of Cairo, Constantinople, Alexandria, and Tripol...
Arabs thought North Africa contained hidden wealth left by the Romans, but, surprisingly, they found nothing of such riches. Resistance to their encroachments was led by the famous Berber, Kuysaila, who subsequently accepted Islam and rose to fame after assisting the Arab Bedouins along their march through Morocco. However, after hearing of the sen...
By the twelfth century, Christians essentially disappeared from North Africa, while the Coptic population of Egypt shrunk to less than ten percent. For the most part, the Saharan trade, except for the period when Europeans traded for slaves and gold, remained exclusively a Muslim trade as late as the seventeenth century. On the other hand, during t...
Basil Davidson, a British historian, measured the Abbasid Empire against West Africa’s golden era. “Centuries afterwards, in the Western Sudan, the great reforming movements associated with Uthman don Fodio would draw inspiration from a Utopian picture of the Abbasid era of the tenth and eleventh centuries, seeing in it the prototype of that ‘Right...
As in the Middle East, in Africa the Arabic language preceded Islamization. Acclimatization to the use of Arabic brought about commercial profits and preceded religious conversions. Where the Sahara married the Sahel (a region between the Sahara in the North and the Sudan savannas in the south), two worlds solidified through language and trade. By ...
African Muslims produced five empires: Takur (what is now southeastern Mauritania, and Western Mali) which was lukewarm to Islam; the loosely governed Kanem (what is now the countries of Chad, Nigeria and Libya) and its successor-state Bornu; Ghana, although it never claimed Islam as the state religion but is considered by many the first African Mu...
Despite Islam beginning to penetrate the indigenous consciousness and cause a shift in daily religious practices, local customs and beliefs persisted, which centuries later was used to justify the most violent raids of the Sokoto dynasty under Uthman Don Fodio. The spread of Islam among the Yoruba began late, well after the nineteenth century conve...
In time, teachers and imams relocated to African towns and became responsible for the spread of Islam. The role of the merchant was the introduction of Islam and a precursor of Arabization. It was, however, the scholarly community, the teachers and imams, who became the agents of Islamization. Merchants certainly inspired an intellectual curiosity ...
Sep 27, 2020 · Abstract. This chapter discusses the processes of West African Islamization as a combination of factors including the reaction of West Africans to Islam as the faith continues to provide a multitude of opportunities. Spanning from the seventh century, Islam remains essential to trading opportunities, cultural transmissions, education, and ...
- Bala Saho
- bsaho1@ou.edu
- 2020
Sep 27, 2020 · It argues that Islam in West African has been profoundly transformed by ancient Egypto-African belief systems that are far older than any of the Abrahamic traditions, and that the faith in Africa has been ʿAjamized (or Africanized).
- Christopher Wise
- wisec@wwu.edu
- 2020
Mar 17, 2021 · The history of Islam in West Africa cannot be complete without a mention, however brief, of the Jakhanke Islamic Movement which arose in the 12th century under the charismatic scholar Alhajj Salim Suwareh who helped to spread Islam in the present-day countries of Mali, Guinea, Senegal, and The Gambia, the most Islamized countries in West Africa ...
The study of ‘Islam in Africa’ as a subfield of African History has progressed substantially in the past decades by incorporating the ‘discursive approach’ developed in anthropology and history. 11 But there is a tendency towards presentism in these new works on African Muslims and very little research focuses on material prior to the colonial p...
How did the ethnic character of the Muslim Empires change over the course of the Abbasid caliphate? What is one of the ways that syncretic Islamic traditions emerged? Missionaries and political expansion moved Islamic culture, but Islamic culture also traveled through trade.
