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the mid-thirties per thousand population between 1815 and the 1870s, andthenenteredalongdeclinewhichhasonlybeenbrieXyinterruptedby the ‘baby-boom’ after the Second World War. In other words, if we are seeking an explanation for the rise in the Dutch population which began to accelerate from the 1870s onwards, the birth rate alone is not
Between 1870 and 1910 the Dutch had thus effectively completed the process of converting the East Indies into a unified colonial dependency and, indeed, of laying the foundations of the future Indonesian republic.
- Introduction↑
- Dutch Openness and Dependency↑
- Neutrality↑
- Isolation↑
- Production↑
- New Production↑
- Structural Change↑
- Post-War Consequences↑
- Conclusion↑
At least until 1940, when German troops attacked Western Europe once again, Berlin’s 1914 decision to ignore Belgium’s neutrality and honour that of its similarly small northern neighbour, had massive consequences for both countries. In Belgium it is generally believed that the Netherlands profited from the war, while many Dutch are barely aware of...
By 1885, the 19th century’s canalization of the Rhine was almost complete. Over the next thirty years, the scale of steam-tugged trains of barges increased constantly. Consequently, freight rates dropped 80 percent while rail tariffs remained stable. This suited perfectly the increasing demand for transport in the industrial heart of Western Europe...
As a substantial part of German trade went through the Netherlands, in 1909, after the Declaration of London was signed, Helmuth von Moltke (1848-1916), Chief of the German General Staff, decided to keep the Dutch out of any European conflict. According to the Declaration, in times of war trade would go on. Neutral ships only had to hand over their...
From August 1914, the Dutch were confronted with huge economic problems. Around 9 percent of the labour force had been sent to the army, foreign supply was cut off, and financial markets panicked. However, the informal September 1914 Dutch-German agreement on coal supply soon created stability and before the end of 1914 import substitution and gove...
As mentioned above, the NOT’s policy meant that industry could continue. According to Van der Bie’s statistical reconstruction (see Table 1), however, the economic setback was severe. In 1914 industrial production decreased over 5 percent and stabilized in 1915. Employment also remained low initially, but grew in 1916. According to the Director-Gen...
Cutting off imports generated opportunities. Competition disappeared not just because of the blockade, but also because the belligerents needed their goods at home. Dutch companies thus obtained opportunities to gain better positions in post-war competition. When the economic struggle reached its peak in 1917 nothing was left for non-belligerents. ...
After 1914, industrial production recovered. 1916 was a year of high employment. Due to high demand and limited supply, prices increased while wages stagnated. Thus, between 1913 and 1917 real labour costs declined by 17 percent, yielding high profits. The increase in competitiveness is partly explained by the growth of capital stock by 4.6 percent...
When the armistice was signed, Dutch industry was ready to supply the continent. However, the 1918 truce did not immediately result in orders. Many expected lower prices and waited. 1919 brought improvement to some industries, but uncertainty remained. Compared to the war years, improvements were undeniable, but for some industries developments wer...
The blockade and submarine warfare were much more than a barrier to trade. World War I crushed the transnational northwest European economic region. Dutch businesses had to survive in a completely different setting. From 1915 growing domestic demand resulted in spontaneous import substitution, often involving horizontal and vertical integration. A ...
Its developed market economy is based largely on financial services, light and heavy industries, and trade. It is a constitutional monarchy with a parliament comprising two chambers; its head of state is the monarch, and the head of government is the prime minister. Celtic and Germanic tribes inhabited the region at the time of the Roman conquest.
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Sugar production doubled between 1870 and 1885; new crops such as tea and cinchona flourished, and rubber was introduced, leading to dramatic increases in Dutch profits. [2] Changes were not limited to Java, or agriculture; oil from Sumatra and Kalimantan became a valuable resource for industrialising Europe.
Oct 27, 2014 · Roland Uittenbogaard. 644 Accesses. Abstract. To set the stage for understanding the evolution of Dutch central banking, this chapter outlines the main economic and political institutions and developments in the Netherlands from 1800 to 1860.
The rapid economic development of the country after the Dutch Revolt in the years 1585–1620 accompanied by an equally rapid accumulation of a large fund of savings, created the need to invest those savings profitably.
