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Spain; the United States did not recognize the First Philippine Republic. December 1898 – Treaty of Paris ends the Spanish-American War, the Philippines ceded to the United States after the U.S. pays Spain $20 million. March 1901 – U.S. Army General Frederick Funston captures Aguinaldo through a ploy
the Philippines in the Treaty of Paris in December 1898, and on February 6, 1899, the U.S. Senate ratified the treaty. However, two days before the treaty's ratification, fighting broke out in the out-skirts of Manila between American troops and Aguinaldo's army. After having fought to expel Spain, the leaders of the Philippine
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- The end of Spanish rule and the First Philippine Republic
Philippine-American War, war between the United States and Filipino revolutionaries from 1899 to 1902, an insurrection that may be seen as a continuation of the Philippine Revolution against Spanish rule. It began after the United States assumed sovereignty of the Philippines following the defeat of Spain in the Spanish-American War. Although an en...
There had been numerous quasi-religious uprisings in the Philippines during the more than 300 years of colonial rule, but the late 19th-century writings of José Rizal and others helped stimulate a more broad-based movement for Philippine independence. Spain was unwilling to reform its colonial government, and armed rebellion broke out in 1896. Rizal, who had advocated reform but not revolution, was shot for sedition on December 30, 1896; his martyrdom fueled the revolution, led by the young general Emilio Aguinaldo.
Another movement for independence from Spanish rule was underway in Cuba, meanwhile. In March 1898, following the destruction of the USS Maine in Havana a month earlier, the United States sent an ultimatum to Spain demanding it accept U.S. arbitration and eventually relinquish its control of Cuba. In preparation for the likelihood of war against Spain, Assistant Secretary of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt placed the U.S. Asiatic squadron in Hong Kong on alert. When war was declared in April, Commodore George Dewey sailed from Hong Kong and defeated the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay on the morning of May 1, but he could not occupy Manila until ground troops arrived three months later.
In the meantime, on June 12, the Filipinos declared independence and proclaimed a provisional republic with Aguinaldo as president. Within days, on the other side of the Pacific, the American Anti-Imperialist League had begun to take shape. This organization, which opposed American involvement in the Philippines, grew into a mass movement that drew support from across the political spectrum. Its members included luminaries such as social reformer Jane Addams, industrialist Andrew Carnegie, philosopher William James, and author Mark Twain.
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A History of War
On August 13 Manila fell after a bloodless “battle.” Spanish Gov. Fermín Jáudenes had secretly arranged a surrender after a mock show of resistance to salvage his honour. American troops were in possession of the city, but Filipino insurgents controlled the rest of the country. The Treaty of Paris(1898), signed by representatives of Spain and the United States in December, transferred Philippine sovereignty from Spain to the United States. But the leaders of the nascent Philippine Republic, who were in actual control of the entire archipelago except Manila, did not recognize U.S. sovereignty over the islands. The United States, meanwhile, rejected Filipino claims of independence. Conflict was inevitable.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
After the incident of February 4, 1899, word reached the U.S. that the Philippine-American War was triggered by a violent attack by the natives. This lie served its purpose—two days after the incident, the U.S. Senate ratified the Treaty of Paris.
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The Treaty of Paris (1898), which concluded the Spanish-American War, transferred Philippine sovereignty from Spain to the U.S.; but it was not recognized by Filipino leaders, whose troops controlled the entire archipelago except the capital city of Manila.
In the Treaty of Paris, the US agreed to annex the Philippines at the cost of $20 million. Angered by the betrayal, Filipinos declared war. The Philippine-American War was a bloodier and more brutal affair than its predecessor.
Feb 9, 2010 · Two days later, the U.S. Senate voted by one vote to ratify the Treaty of Paris with Spain. The Philippines were now a U.S. territory, acquired in exchange for $20 million in compensation to the...
