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Sep 21, 2021 · Legal briefs and legal literature commonly use abbreviations as a shorthand way of referring to sources. A typical source abbreviation looks like this: 127 S. Ct. 336. 127 is the volume number. S. Ct. (or Supreme Court Reporter) is the source. 336 is the first page
- Brian Flota
- 2012
Aug 25, 2022 · Exercise 12.3.1 12.3. 1. Visit the website of a major media outlet and examine the coverage of a recent local, state, or national election. Compare the coverage of different candidates. Then write answers to the short-response questions below. Each response should be a minimum of one paragraph.
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- Early History
- The FCC
- Cable TV and The "Must Carry" Law
- Procedure For Obtaining A License
- License Renewal and Revocation
- Regulation of Licensees
- Public Broadcasting
- Cable Television
- New Technology
- Further Readings
Government regulation of radio began in 1910, at a time when radio was regarded primarily as a device to bring about safe maritime operations and as a potential advancement in military technology. Persons seeking to use radio frequencies would register with the commerce department to have a frequency assigned to them. During world war i, entreprene...
The FCC establishes the requirements for the licensing of stations and sets up a framework that tries to ensure some competition for licenses. It allows the free market to determine such matters as advertising costs, expenses, cost of equipment, and choice of programming by broadcasters. In addition to regulating commercial and educational broadcas...
Since the 1970s the federal communications commission (FCC) has required cable televisionsystems to dedicate some of their channels to local broadcasting stations. For many years cable operators did not challenge the constitutionality of these "must carry" provisions, believing that compliance was necessary to obtain operating licenses. With the dr...
A license can be granted without a hearing. Where there are substantial and material questions of fact, or the FCC does not find that the issuance of a license would be in the public interest, a hearing must be held to review the application. Other broadcast stations might intervene in the application process, particularly where a grant of a licens...
A broadcasting entity must renew its license during the time set by statute to continue operating on that frequency, and no guarantee exists that such renewal is automatic. A license is revocable during its term, but the FCC must notify the licensee and give it a full opportunity to be heard prior to revocation. There must be reasonable grounds to ...
Although the primary responsibility of the FCC is the licensing of broadcasting stations, it also regulates, to a certain extent, the manner in which stations operate. Political BroadcastsCongress has long recognized the potential of using various broadcast media to influence the outcome of an election. A candidate with access to broadcasting facil...
Public broadcastingsystems are noncommercial television and radio stations that are financed by viewer and private contributions, in addition to funding by federal, state, and local governments, as an alternative to the programming aired by commercial channels. The Corporation for Public Broadcasting, a private, independent, nonprofit corporation e...
Cable television has grown tremendously since the 1980s. By 1996, it was available to more than 96 percent of U.S. homes, and 60 percent were subscribers to cable. Cable originally served communities in mountainous regions that had difficulty receiving broadcast transmissions. Many communities solved this problem by erecting tall receiving towers a...
The development of satellite, direct broadcast television, broadband Internet access, and wireless technologies, along with the continued development of other Internet technologies, has demonstrated the continued vitality of electronic communications technologies. The 1996 act moved toward deregulation and competition as ways of exploring the new a...
Carter, T. Barton. 2000. Mass Communication Law in a Nutshell. St. Paul, MN.: West Group. Lively, Donald E. 1997. Communications Law: Media, Entertainment, and Regulation.Cincinnati: Anderson Pub. Sapranov, Walt, and Anne E. Franklin. 1997. "Summary of the Telecommunications Act of 1996." Gerry, Friend, and Sapronov law firm Web site. Available onl...
Generally speaking, media law comprises two areas: telecommunications law, which regulates radio and television broadcasts, and print law, which addresses publications such as books, newspapers, and magazines. Despite differences between the two areas, many media laws involve First Amendment protections. This section explores several areas of ...
8.1: A Definition and Brief History of Mass Communication. Define mass communication. Identify events that impacted the adaptation of mass media. Explain how different technological transitions have shaped media industries. Identify four roles the media perform in society.
McQuail states that mass communication is, “only one of the processes of communication operating at the society-wide level, readily identified by its institutional characteristics” (7). Simply put, mass communication is the public transfer of messages through media or technology-driven channels to a large number of recipients from an entity ...
Mass communication. Mass communication is the process of imparting and exchanging information through mass media to large population segments. It utilizes various forms of media as technology has made the dissemination of information more efficient. Primary examples of platforms utilized and examined include journalism and advertising.
