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Richard I, known as Richard the Lionheart (ed) French Richard Coeur de Lion, (born Sept. 8, 1157, Oxford, Eng.—died April 6, 1199, Châlus, Duchy of Aquitaine), Duke of Aquitaine (1168–99) and Poitiers (1172–99) and king of England, duke of Normandy, and count of Anjou (1189–99). He inherited Aquitaine from his mother, Eleanor of Aquitaine.
Year 8 Classroom Teacher Subscription 2024. $35.00. King Richard I of England, known as Richard the Lionheart, is one of the most iconic figures of the medieval era, celebrated for his role in the Third Crusade. His reign, though brief, was a period of intense military campaigns, political intrigue, and a relentless quest for glory.
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Richard the Lionheart, also known as Richard I or Richard Coeur de Lion, was one of medieval Europe’s most famous and enigmatic kings, renowned for his martial prowess, military campaigns, and chivalrous reputation. Born on September 8, 1157, Richard was the third son of King Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine, and he was destined ...
- Revolt Against Henry II
- Anti-Semitic Violence
- Early Reign
- The Struggle For Sicily
- Richard on The Third Crusade
- Richard's Marriage
- Richard in Outremer
- Captivity and Return
- Later Years and Death
- Legacy
In 1170 his elder brother Henry was crowned king of England as Henry III. Historians know him as Henry "the Young King" so as not to confuse him with the later king of this name who was his nephew. In 1173 Richard joined his brothers, Henry and Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany, in a revolt against their father. They were planning to dethrone their father...
When Richard was crowned king of England, he barred all Jews and women from the ceremony (this was apparently a concession to the fact that his coronation was not merely one of a king but of a crusader), but some Jewish leaders showed up anyway to present gifts for the new king. According to Ralph of Diceto, Richard's courtiers stripped and flogged...
Richard has been criticized for doing little for England, siphoning the kingdom's resources to support his Third Crusade and campaigns in what is now France. He spent only six months of his reign in England, claiming it was "cold and always raining." During the period when he was raising funds for his Crusade, Richard was heard to declare, "If I co...
In September 1190, both Richard and Philip arrived in Sicily. In 1189 King William II of Sicily had died. His heir was his aunt Constance, later Queen Constance of Sicily, who was married to Emperor Henry VI. But immediately after William's death, William's cousin, Tancred, rebelled, seized control of the island and was crowned early in 1190 as Kin...
In April 1191, while en route to the Third Crusade, Richard stopped on the Byzantine island of Rhodes to avoid the stormy weather. It seems that Richard had previously met his fiancée Berengaria of Navarre only once, years before their wedding. He had assigned his mother to represent him and convince her father, Sancho VI of Navarre, and her other ...
Before leaving Cyprus, Richard married Berengaria, first-born daughter of King Sancho VI of Navarre. The wedding was held in Limassol on May 12, 1191, at the Chapel of St. George. It was attended by his sister Joan, whom Richard had brought from Sicily. It should be noted that when Richard married Berengaria, he was still officially betrothed to Al...
In Cyprus, Richard had received military support from Guy of Lusignan, widower of Richard's father's first cousin Sibylla of Jerusalem. Guy was still attempting to retain his title as king of Jerusalem, despite his wife's death during the siege of Acre the previous year and was hoping for Richard's backing, since his family was the vassals of Richa...
Bad weather forced Richard's ship to put in at Corfu, the territory of the Byzantine Emperor Isaac Angelus, who was still angry at Richard for his annexation of Cyprus. Disguised as a Knight Templar, Richard sailed from Corfu with four attendants in a pirate ship, which wrecked near Aquileia, forcing Richard and his party into a dangerous land rout...
During his absence, John had come close to seizing the throne; Richard forgave him, and even named him as his heir in place of Arthur, who was growing into an unpleasant youth. Instead of turning against John, Richard came into conflict with his former ally and friend, King Philip. When Philip attacked Richard's fortress, Chateau-Gaillard, he boast...
Richard produced no legitimate heirs, although he is purported to have had one illegitimate son. As a result, he was succeeded by his brother John as king of England. However, his French territories initially rejected John as a successor, preferring his nephew Arthur of Brittany, the son of their late brother Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany, whose claim...
Richard I, Richard I Richard I Born 1157 Died 1199 English king R ichard I, better known as Richard the Lionheart or Richard the Lion-Hearted, was one of the Mi… Richard Ii, Richard II, 1367–1400, king of England (1377–99), son of Edward the Black Prince. Early Life After his father's death (1376) he was created prince of…
May 21, 2018 · Richard I (1157–99) King of England (1189–99), known as Richard the Lion-Heart, or Coeur de Lion. He was involved in rebellions against his father, Henry II, before succeeding him. A leader of the Third Crusade (1189–92), he won several victories but failed to retake Jerusalem. He was a prisoner (1192–94) of Emperor Henry VI.
Richard I (8 September 1157 – 6 April 1199) was King of England from 1189 until his death in 1199. He also ruled as Duke of Normandy, Aquitaine and Gascony, Lord of Cyprus, and Count of Poitiers, Anjou, Maine, and Nantes, and was overlord of Brittany at various times during the same period. He was the third of five sons of King Henry II of ...
