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- About 560,000 years ago, a tectonic shift caused the large inland Lake Corcoran to spill out the central valley and through the Carquinez Strait, carving out sediment and forming canyons in what is now the northern part of the San Francisco Bay and Golden Gate strait.
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The first recorded European discovery of San Francisco Bay was on November 4, 1769, when Spanish explorer Gaspar de Portolá, unable to find the Port of Monterey, continued north close to what is now Pacifica and reached the summit of the 1,200-foot-high (370 m) Sweeney Ridge, now marked as the place where he first sighted San Francisco Bay.
- 12–15 ft (3.7–4.6 m)
- 372 ft (113 m)
- United States
- 400–1,600 sq mi (1,000–4,100 km²)
San Francisco Bay is a flooded river canyon that formed as a result of rising sea levels at the end of the last ice age. TOPIC BACKGROUND. There is a sense of permanence in the Bay Area landscape. Yet the familiar three-bay formation is very young on a geologic time scale—just 10,000 or so years old.
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Apr 24, 2024 · San Francisco Bay, large, nearly landlocked bay indenting western California, U.S. It is a drowned river valley paralleling the coastline and is connected with the Pacific Ocean by a strait called the Golden Gate, which is spanned by the Golden Gate Bridge.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Early Spanish map of the Bay Area from the Presidio in Monterrey (sic) to Bodega Bay in the north. San Francisco Bay, one of the great natural harbors of the world, lay undiscovered for over two centuries from the time of first navigation along the California coast.
Feb 28, 2015 · The geology you see around San Francisco is the result of forces along the Pacific and North American plates. Today, the Pacific Plate is slowly creeping north past the North American Plate, forming the San Andreas fault system. San Francisco Bay was created by movement on these faults about 650,000 years ago.
Sep 5, 2019 · Through thousands of years of sediment building up and with intense pressure and heat, these rocks that were deposited by ancient rivers formed the upper story of the land we know as San Francisco through a process known as metamorphism, which changes a rock’s chemical and physical attributes.
Nov 30, 2020 · Making San Francisco Bay. The valley in which San Francisco Bay resides began to form 3 Ma to 2 Ma, when the surrounding mountains and hills uplifted on either side. The first known estuarine (marine influenced) rocks were laid down about 600 Ka.
