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Inct East Semitic lang
- Akkadian (/ əˈkeɪdiən /; Akkadian: 𒀝𒅗𒁺𒌑, romanized: Akkadû) is an extinct East Semitic language that was spoken in ancient Mesopotamia (Akkad, Assyria, Isin, Larsa, Babylonia and perhaps Dilmun) from the third millennium BC until its gradual replacement in common use by Old Aramaic among Assyrians and Babylonians from the 8th century BC.
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Akkadian (/ ə ˈ k eɪ d i ən /; Akkadian: 𒀝𒅗𒁺𒌑, romanized: Akkadû) is an extinct East Semitic language that was spoken in ancient Mesopotamia (Akkad, Assyria, Isin, Larsa, Babylonia and perhaps Dilmun) from the third millennium BC until its gradual replacement in common use by Old Aramaic among Assyrians and Babylonians from the ...
- Assyrian, Babylonian, Canaano-Akkadian, Old Akkadian
- Sumero-Akkadian cuneiform
May 2, 2024 · Akkadian language, extinct Semitic language of the Northern Peripheral group, spoken in Mesopotamia from the 3rd to the 1st millennium bce. Akkadian spread across an area extending from the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf during the time of Sargon (Akkadian Sharrum-kin) of the Akkad dynasty, who reigned from about 2334 to about 2279 bce.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Apr 8, 2024 · Akkad, ancient region in what is now central Iraq. Its early inhabitants were predominantly speakers of a Semitic language called Akkadian. Akkad was the northern portion of ancient Babylonia—alongside the southern portion, Sumer, which was inhabited by a non-Semitic people known as Sumerians.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Assyrian
- Babylonian
- Phonology
- Morphology
- Bibliography
Old Assyrian is mainly known from letters and economic documents excavated in eastern Anatolia, chiefly in the lower city at Kultepe (ancient Kaniš) where an Assyrian mercantile colony (kārum) was located at the beginning of the second millennium. The corpus includes a small number of royal inscriptions and about a dozen literary texts, including s...
Old Babylonian is richly documented in large numbers of letters, economic records, state and legal documents, including the Code of Hammurapi, royal inscriptions, and a sizable corpus of literary texts consisting of hymns and various types of lyric and epic poetry. Several dialects, some showing substrate influence, can be discerned: a southern and...
Akkadian is written with signs which apparently were originally devised for Sumerian. The application of the Sumerian system to Akkadian resulted in a mixed method of writing: on the one hand with logograms and, on the other, with syllables of the type vC, Cv, or CvC (C = consonant; v= vowel). The phonemic system and structure of Sumerian is radica...
pronouns
Akkadian shows a rich range of bound and unbound pronominal forms, especially personal pronouns. In the third person, the distinctive element is š, where West Semitic, for example, has h, e.g., šu ("he"), ši ("she"). Unbound pronominal forms distinguish three case forms: nominative, genitive/accusative, dative, e.g., anāku, yāti, yāši ("I"), respectively, and in bound forms genitive, dative, and accusative, e.g., bēlī ("my lord"), išpur-šunūšim ("he sent to them"), išpuršunūti ("he sent them"...
nouns and adjectives
Nouns and adjectives show structural patterning as in other Semitic languages, e.g., parrāsum as an "occupational" pattern, e.g., dayyānum ("judge") or qarrādum ("warrior"); and maprasum indicating instrument or place, e.g., maškanum("depot"; cf. Barth's Law above). Formally, there are two genders, masculine (zero marker) and feminine (atmarker). There are three numbers: singular, plural, and dual. Mimation in the singular of both genders and in the plural feminine, and nunation in the dual a...
prepositions and conjunctions
Prepositions govern the genitive ease of nouns, e.g, alpam kīma alpim ("[he will replace] ox for ox"), and most prepositions can also function as conjunctions in which case the verb appears in the subjunctive, e.g., kīma ērubu ("when/as soon as he entered"). It should be noted that ina ("in"), ana ("to") and ištu ("from") suppleted the common Semitic prepositions b,(ʾ)l, and mnrespectively at a preliterate stage of Akkadian.
A. Ungnad, Grammatik des Akkadischen, ed. by L. Matouš (19695); K.K. Riemschneider, Lehrbuch des Akkadischen (1969); E. Reiner, A Linguistic Analysis of Akkadian (1966), includes bibliography; W. von Soden, Grundriss der Akkadischen Grammatik (1952); E.A. Speiser (ed.), World History of the Jewish People, 1 (1964), 112–20; G. Bergstraesser, Einfueh...
Assyrian and Babylonian are members of the Semitic language family, like Arabic and Hebrew. Because Babylonian and Assyrian are so similar – at least in writing – they are often regarded as varieties of a single language, today known as Akkadian.
Akkadian belongs to the Semitic language family and is related to Arabic and Hebrew. It can be divided into a number of dialects, the most important of which are Old Akkadian, Babylonian, and Assyrian.
Jun 8, 2011 · “Akkadian is a Semitic language that is related to modern-day languages in the Middle East like Arabic and Hebrew. The Akkadian word for house is beyth or betu, which is the same as the...
