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New Spain, officially the Viceroyalty of New Spain ( Spanish: Virreinato de Nueva España [birejˈnato ðe ˈnweβa esˈpaɲa] ⓘ; Nahuatl: Yankwik Kaxtillan Birreiyotl ), [3] originally the Kingdom of New Spain, was an integral territorial entity of the Spanish Empire, established by Habsburg Spain.
Apr 12, 2024 · Viceroyalty of New Spain, the first of the four viceroyalties that Spain created to govern its conquered lands in the New World. Established in 1535, it initially included all land north of the Isthmus of Panama under Spanish control.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
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- Guatemala Before The Conquest
- The Conquest of The Maya
- The Verapaz Experiment
- The Viceroyalty Period
- Encomiendas
- Native Culture
- The Colonial World Today
The Maya Civilization peaked around 800 and fell into decline shortly thereafter. It was a collection of powerful city-states who warred and traded with one another, and it stretched from Southern Mexico to Belize and Honduras. The Maya were builders, astronomers, and philosophers with a rich culture. By the time the Spanish arrived, however, the M...
The conquest of the Maya was led by Pedro de Alvarado, one of the top lieutenants of Hernán Cortés, and a veteran of the conquest of Mexico. Alvarado led fewer than 500 Spanish and a number of native Mexican allies into the region. He made an ally of the Kaqchikel and warred upon the K’iche, whom he defeated in 1524. His abuses of the Kaqchikel cau...
One region still held out: the cloudy, misty, north-central highlands of modern-day Guatemala. In the early 1530s, Fray Bartolomé de Las Casas,a Dominican friar, proposed an experiment: he would pacify the natives with Christianity, not violence. Along with two other friars, Las Casas set off and did, in fact, manage to bring Christianity to the re...
Guatemala had bad luck with provincial capitals. The first, founded in the ruined city of Iximche, had to be abandoned due to persistent native uprisings, and the second, Santiago de los Caballeros, was destroyed by a mudslide. The present-day city of Antiguawas then founded, but even it suffered major earthquakes late in the colonial period. The r...
Conquistadores and governmental officials and bureaucrats were often awarded encomiendas, large tracts of land complete with native towns and villages. The Spaniards theoretically were responsible for the religious education of the natives, who in return would work the land. In reality, the encomienda system became little more than an excuse for le...
After the conquest, the natives were expected to give up their culture to embrace Spanish rule and Christianity. Although the Inquisition was forbidden to burn native heretics at the stake, punishments could still be very severe. In Guatemala, however, many aspects of native religion survived by going underground, and today some natives practice an...
If you’re interested in the colonization of Guatemala, there are several places you might want to visit. The Mayan ruins of Iximché and Zaculeu are also sites of major sieges and battles during the conquest. The city of Antigua is steeped in history, and there are many cathedrals, convents and other buildings that have survived since colonial times...
Jul 7, 2022 · Pedro de Alvarado (c. 1485-1541) was a Spanish conquistador who became the first governor of Guatemala in 1527. Living an extraordinary life of adventure, Alvarado participated in separate expeditions to Mexico, Central America, South America, and finally, North America. He is best known today for leading the conquistadors who defeated the ...
- Mark Cartwright
- What was Pedro de Alvarado famous for?Pedro de Alvarado was famous for being the conquistador who conquered the Maya civilizations in Guatemala.
- What was Pedro de Alvarado's role in the conquest of Mexico?Pedro de Alvarado's role in the conquest of Mexico was that he was the second-in-command of the conquistador Hernán Cortés. Alvarado infamously mas...
- What countries did Pedro de Alvarado conquer?The conquistador Pedro de Alvarado led or sent expeditions to conquer parts of central America that are today Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, and...
- How did Pedro de Alvarado die?Pedro de Alvarado died when his horse threw him and landed on top of him in a ravine. This happened when Alvarado was attacking a town in Mexico to...
Dec 6, 2023 · Girolamo Ruscelli, “Nveva Hispania tabvla nova,” engraved map of New Spain, 1599, 19 x 25 cm (David Rumsey Historical Map Collection). Note that at its height, the Viceroyalty of New Spain also included Central America, parts of the West Indies, the southwestern and central United States, Florida, and the Philippines.
New Spain, the Viceroyalty ofAfter a decade of conquest, exploration, and administrative turmoil, Spain created the viceroyalty of New Spain in 1530 in order to centralize its control over the territories of the Aztecs, Mayas, and other indigenous groups of Mesoamerica, while curbing the evolution of powerful local fiefdoms among the conquistador class.
After invading highland Guatemala in 1524, Spaniards claimed to have smashed the Kaqchikel and K’iche’ Maya kingdoms and to have forged a new colony—with their leader, Pedro de Alvarado, as Guatemala’s conquistador. This volume shows that the real story of the Spanish invasion was very different. Designed to be an accessible introduction to the topic as well as a significant ...
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