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New Spain, officially the Viceroyalty of New Spain ( Spanish: Virreinato de Nueva España [birejˈnato ðe ˈnweβa esˈpaɲa] ⓘ ), originally the Kingdom of New Spain, was an integral territorial entity of the Spanish Empire, established by Habsburg Spain during the Spanish conquest of the Americas and having its capital in Mexico City.
Mar 20, 2024 · Modern-day Guatemala was the core of the Maya civilization, which extended across Mesoamerica. Most of the country was conquered by the Spanish in the 16th century, becoming part of New Spain. Guatemala gained independence in 1821 as part of the Federal Republic of Central America, which dissolved by 1841.[1]
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Apr 12, 2024 · Viceroyalty of New Spain, the first of the four viceroyalties that Spain created to govern its conquered lands in the New World. Established in 1535, it initially included all land north of the Isthmus of Panama under Spanish control.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Guatemala Before The Conquest
- The Conquest of The Maya
- The Verapaz Experiment
- The Viceroyalty Period
- Encomiendas
- Native Culture
- The Colonial World Today
The Maya Civilization peaked around 800 and fell into decline shortly thereafter. It was a collection of powerful city-states who warred and traded with one another, and it stretched from Southern Mexico to Belize and Honduras. The Maya were builders, astronomers, and philosophers with a rich culture. By the time the Spanish arrived, however, the M...
The conquest of the Maya was led by Pedro de Alvarado, one of the top lieutenants of Hernán Cortés, and a veteran of the conquest of Mexico. Alvarado led fewer than 500 Spanish and a number of native Mexican allies into the region. He made an ally of the Kaqchikel and warred upon the K’iche, whom he defeated in 1524. His abuses of the Kaqchikel cau...
One region still held out: the cloudy, misty, north-central highlands of modern-day Guatemala. In the early 1530s, Fray Bartolomé de Las Casas,a Dominican friar, proposed an experiment: he would pacify the natives with Christianity, not violence. Along with two other friars, Las Casas set off and did, in fact, manage to bring Christianity to the re...
Guatemala had bad luck with provincial capitals. The first, founded in the ruined city of Iximche, had to be abandoned due to persistent native uprisings, and the second, Santiago de los Caballeros, was destroyed by a mudslide. The present-day city of Antiguawas then founded, but even it suffered major earthquakes late in the colonial period. The r...
Conquistadores and governmental officials and bureaucrats were often awarded encomiendas, large tracts of land complete with native towns and villages. The Spaniards theoretically were responsible for the religious education of the natives, who in return would work the land. In reality, the encomienda system became little more than an excuse for le...
After the conquest, the natives were expected to give up their culture to embrace Spanish rule and Christianity. Although the Inquisition was forbidden to burn native heretics at the stake, punishments could still be very severe. In Guatemala, however, many aspects of native religion survived by going underground, and today some natives practice an...
If you’re interested in the colonization of Guatemala, there are several places you might want to visit. The Mayan ruins of Iximché and Zaculeu are also sites of major sieges and battles during the conquest. The city of Antigua is steeped in history, and there are many cathedrals, convents and other buildings that have survived since colonial times...
Dec 6, 2023 · Beginner's guide. Columbus's voyage marked an important moment for both Europe and the Americas—expanding the known world on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean and ushering in an era of major transformations in the cultures and lives of people across the globe. Introduction to the Spanish Viceroyalties in the Americas. New Spain, an introduction.
Jul 1, 2022 · A map depicting the Viceroyalty of New Spain (the first of four viceroyalties that the Spanish Crown established to govern its conquests) which, at its height...
Aug 1, 1995 · This work, a “narrative of Spain’s colonial experience in Guatemala” (p. xiii), has a traditional plot: Spaniards act, natives react. In chapter 1, Amerindians appear (along with the “Land”) as part of the backdrop for the opening scene, “Contact, Conquest, and Colonization” (chapter 2).
