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  1. 15.2.2 Shared Innovations in the Core Lexicon . The existence of a unitary Balto-Slavic proto-language is confirmed by the fact that Baltic and Slavic share a number of lexemes belonging to the core vocabulary that are either not found in other Indo-European languages or that show identical morphological or semantic innovations compared to cognates in other Indo-European languages.

    • I. Italo-Celtic – West Uralic
    • II. Germanic / Balto-Slavic – Uralic
    • III. Uralic Hotspot in Eastern Europe
    • Conclusion
    • See Also

    I was waiting for more data on Single Grave and heavily admixed Bell Beakers from the Low Countries and surrounding Lower Rhine territories to write about the potential Uralic (instead of simply “Afroasiatic-like”) substratum of Insular Celtic, which I already advanced, but here is nevertheless a recent related draft – Contacts between Finnic and C...

    Apart from the obvious Uralic substrate underlying Germanic phonetic evolution, as well as Balto-Slavic phonetic and morphosyntactic developments, there is a clear, strong, and (at least in appearance) mainly one-sided lexical influence of the Northern Indo-European communityaround the Baltic on West Uralic. Many of the adopted terms include mariti...

    Data confirming the Uralic-speaking nature of the Corded Ware culture comes thus from the Uralic substratum underlying most languages of North-Central Europe, and most especially the Baltic Sea and Eastern Europe, where its intense influence on Balto-Slavic (particularly Slavic, but also dialects around the Baltic circle) and especially Indo-Irania...

    For a myriad reasons that can be summarized as stemming from nativist and traditionalist vindication – which certain national research groups will have to come to terms with in the future – neither Scandinavian (or Germanic in general), Slavic (or Balto-Slavic in general), nor Indo-Iranian studies have dealt with the millennia-long influence of sub...

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  3. The Balto-Slavic languages form a branch of the Indo-European family of languages, traditionally comprising the Baltic and Slavic languages. Baltic and Slavic languages share several linguistic traits not found in any other Indo-European branch, [1] which points to a period of common development and origin.

  4. Proto-Balto-Slavic ( PBS or PBSl) is a reconstructed hypothetical proto-language descending from Proto-Indo-European (PIE). From Proto-Balto-Slavic, the later Balto-Slavic languages are thought to have developed, composed of the Baltic and Slavic sub-branches, and including modern Lithuanian, Polish, Russian and Serbo-Croatian, among others.

  5. The Baltic languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family spoken natively or as a second language by a population of about 6.5–7.0 million people [1] [2] mainly in areas extending east and southeast of the Baltic Sea in Europe. Together with the Slavic languages, they form the Balto-Slavic branch of the Indo-European family.

    • Europe
  6. Proto-Balto-Slavic ( PBS or PBSl) is a reconstructed hypothetical proto-language descending from Proto-Indo-European (PIE). From Proto-Balto-Slavic, the later Balto-Slavic languages are thought to have developed, composed of the Baltic and Slavic sub-branches, and including modern Lithuanian, Polish, Russian and Serbo-Croatian, among others.

  7. 1.2 Terminology . If authors use the same terms for different phenomena, misunderstandings easily arise, especially across different disciplines. Therefore, I wish to explore in some detail a term that is a recurring topic for discussion in historical linguistics yet which still causes much confusion, namely proto-language, a central concept in phylogenetic linguistics and in discussions of ...

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