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Today, the individual Indo-European languages with the most native speakers are English, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Hindustani, Bengali, Punjabi, French and German each with over 100 million native speakers; many others are small and in danger of extinction. In total, 46% of the world's population (3.2 billion people) speaks an Indo-European ...
- Indo-European (Disambiguation)
Indo-European is a major language family of Europe, parts of...
- Indo-Iranian
The Indo-Iranian languages (also known as Indo-Iranic...
- Proto-Indo-European Language
Proto-Italic: This included many languages, but only...
- Italic
Italic; Latino-Sabine, Italic–Venetic: Ethnicity: Originally...
- Language Family
Estimates of the number of language families in the world...
- Ancient Belgian
Ancient Belgian is a hypothetical extinct Indo-European...
- Proto-Indo-European Homeland
The Proto-Indo-European homeland was the prehistoric...
- Dacian
Dacian (/ ˈ d eɪ ʃ ə n /) is an extinct language generally...
- Cimmerian
according to János Harmatta, it was derived from Old Iranic...
- Elymian
Elymian is the extinct language of the ancient Elymian...
- Indo-European (Disambiguation)
8.1 Introduction. The Italian peninsula before the Roman conquest was home to a large number of languages, both Indo-European and non-Indo-European. 1 Among these languages, the following have been thought to descend from a common ancestor, Proto-Italic (cf. Figure 8.1 ). 1.
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The Italic languages form a branch of the Indo-European language family, whose earliest known members were spoken on the Italian Peninsula in the first millennium BC. The most important of the ancient languages was Latin, the official language of ancient Rome, which conquered the other Italic peoples before the common era. The other Italic languages became extinct in the first centuries AD as ...
- History
- Phylogenetics
- Branches
- Origins
- Common Characteristics
- Characteristics
By the end of the 8th century BC, the Greek settlers in the south of the Italian Peninsula had introduced the alphabet that would later be spread to the Iron Age cultures on the peninsula. The inscriptions have preserved evidence of a variety of languages that for the most part are extinct. When beginning the linguistic history of Italy, it is firs...
Strictly speaking, the label of "Italic languages" can be applied to any language spoken in the Italian region in antiquity, whether or not of Indo-European stock. In this broad sense, the languages that are commonly considered non-Indo-European, such as Etruscan, Rhaetian and the language of Stele di Novilara (North Picene), are also considered to...
Generally shared, today, it is a scheme that identifies two linguistic families traditionally gathered under the label of "Italic languages":The Italic family has two known branches: 1. Latino-Faliscan, also known as the Western Italic languages: 1.1. Faliscan, which was spoken in the area around Falerii Veteres (modern Civita Castellana) north of ...
The main debate concerning the origin of the Italic languages is the same as one that preoccupied Greek studies for the last half of the 20th century. The Indo-Europeanists for Greek had hypothesized (see Dorian invasion, Proto-Greek) that Greek originated outside Greece and was brought in by invaders. Analysis of the lexical items of Mycenaean Gre...
Currently the term Italic languages is used to refer to a set of Indo-European languages that share a certain number of common features and that after a long period of common coexistence suffered a certain process of convergence. However, authors such as Silvestri and Rixargue that there was no reconstructable common Proto-Italic, which meets these...
From the point of view of Proto-Indo-European, the Italic languages are fairly conservative. In phonology, the Italic languages are centum languages by merging the palatals with the velars (Latin centum has a /k/) but keeping the combined group separate from the labio-velars. In morphology, the Italic languages preserve six cases in the noun and th...
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Hindustani ( Hindi and Urdu) pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters .
Vocabulary. Lexical comparison leads to more specific data about the history of the Italic languages. There are linguistic boundaries called isoglosses that may date back to pre-Italic history: e.g., Oscan humuns, Latin homines, and Gothic gumans ‘human beings’ derive from an Indo-European root that meant ‘earth’; and Oscan anamúm ‘mind’ (accusative singular) is directly related ...
Of the 20 languages with the most speakers, 12 are Indo-European: English, Spanish, Hindi, Portuguese, Bengali, Russian, German, Sindhi, Punjabi, Marathi, French, and Urdu. [1] Four of the six official languages of the United Nations are Indo-European: English, Spanish, French, and Russian.
