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Jadwiga (Polish: [jadˈviɡa] ⓘ; 1373 or 1374 – 17 July 1399), also known as Hedwig (Hungarian: Hedvig), was the first woman to be crowned as monarch of the Kingdom of Poland. She reigned from 16 October 1384 until her death. She was the youngest daughter of Louis the Great, King of Hungary and Poland, and his wife, Elizabeth of Bosnia.
The treaty was concluded in 1525 in Kraków; the remaining state of the Teutonic Knights (East Prussia centered on Königsberg) was converted into the Protestant ( Lutheran) Duchy of Prussia under the King of Poland and the homage act of the new Prussian duke in Kraków followed.
- Background
- Union
- Aftermath
- Historiography
- External Links
Situation in Poland
Louis I of Hungary died on 10 September 1382. Since he had only two surviving daughters, Mary (born ca. 1371) and Jadwiga (born ca. 1373), Poland faced a succession crisis. Candidates for the throne included Mary's fiancé Sigismund of Luxembourg, Siemowit IV, Duke of Masovia, and Władysław Opolczyk. Mary and her fiancé were rejected by the Polish nobles, who did not wish to continue a personal union with the Kingdom of Hungary. Polish nobles competed with each other and a brief civil war brok...
Situation in Lithuania
Grand Duke Algirdas died in 1377 and left the throne to his son Jogaila. He inherited a large state, inhabited by pagan Lithuanians and Orthodox Ruthenians. For the last century, Lithuanians defended themselves from the Teutonic Knights, a crusading military order dedicated to conversion of the Grand Duchy into Catholicism. Jogaila understood that the conversion was inevitable and searched for the best opportunities. The Treaty of Dubysa of 1382 with the Knights included provisions of Jogaila...
Negotiations
The relations between Poland and Lithuania were not particularly friendly. The two states were allies before, when Jogaila's aunt Aldona of Lithuania was Queen of Poland between 1325 and 1339. Poland and Lithuania battled each other in the decades-long Galicia–Volhynia Wars, but also saw opportunities to regain lands lost to Hungary and regarded the Teutonic Knights as the common enemy. It is unknown who and when proposed Jogaila as the groom for Jadwiga. Some hints show that planning and neg...
Content
The 560-word document is addressed to Queen Elizabeth and the Polish delegation.Jogaila briefly described the mission of the Lithuanian delegation and, in exchange for marriage to Jadwiga, agreed to the following: 1. Christianizing Lithuania: conversion of pagan Jogaila, Lithuanian nobles and all pagan Lithuanians to Roman Catholicism 2. paying compensation of 200,000 florins to William, Duke of Austriafor the termination of the engagement between Jadwiga and William 3. returning of all lands...
Marriage and conversion of Lithuania
On 11 January 1386 a Polish delegation met Jogaila in Vawkavysk and presented him with a pre-election pact, declaring that the Polish nobility agreed to elect him as their new king. The election was concluded on 1 February in Lublin. On 12 February Jogaila and his relatives arrived in Kraków and were baptized by Bodzanta, Bishop of Gniezno, three days later in the Wawel Cathedral. Jogaila's new baptismal name Wladislaus was chosen in honor of Jadwiga's great-grandfather king Władysław I the E...
Polish–Lithuanian union
Jogaila left his brother Skirgaila as his regent in Lithuania. He proved to be unpopular and Lithuanian nobility resented growing Polish influence in the state. Vytautas seized the opportunity to renew his struggle for power and the Lithuanian Civil War (1389–1392) broke out. This was resolved with the Ostrów Agreement – Vytautas became the Grand Duke of Lithuania while Jogaila retained rights of an overlord. Vytautas conducted independent internal and foreign affairs, but cooperated with Jog...
Up until the discovery of the original document in 1835 in a register in the Archives of the Cracow Cathedral Chapter, the Union of Krewo was unknown. Usually, important state documents were archived at the Crown Archive. It was neither referenced in any contemporary documents nor cited by medieval historians. No chronicles or other written sources...
translation of union of Krewo: http://polishfreedom.pl/en/document/the-union-of-krewo-act-of-krevaWorks related to full-text of Union of Krewo at Wikisource (in Latin)The Lithuanian Institute of History article: https://www.delfi.lt/archive/1385-08-14-krevos-sutartimi-jogaila-isipareigojo-apsikrikstyti-su-savo-valstybes-gyventojais-ir-prislieti-lietuva-prie-lenk...Dec 18, 2023 · The treaty declared that Jadwiga and Jogaila would wed under the condition that Jogaila Christianize Lithuania and unite completely with Poland. Within the next year, Jogaila was baptized into Catholicism under the name Władysław II Jagiełło. Queen Jadwiga’s Oath, by Józef Simmler, 186. Wikipedia.
Stanisław sought to reform the state by strengthening the monarchy; the Czartoryskis wished to reform it by strengthening the Sejm. The king embarked on a vast program of modernization, encouraging initiatives in the economic, financial, and military spheres.
By this Treaty of Krewo, he also promised to restore Poland's lost lands, to release all Polish prisoners of war, to defend a united Poland and Lithuania against the Teutonic Order, and to pay the forfeit of 200,000 florins to the Austrians. But most important, he promised to become a Christian and all his people with him.
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When was Jadwiga married?
May 14, 2018 · Jadwiga arrived in Poland in 1384 and was crowned on 16 October of that same year. Her engagement to William, disliked by the Poles, was annulled (1385) and on 15 February 1386, on the initiative of the lords of Little Poland, she was married to the Lithuanian grand duke Jogaila, known after his baptism as W ł adys ł aw Jagie ł ł o.
