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- Lamarck based his theory on two observations, in his day considered to be generally true: Individuals lose characteristics they do not require (or use) and develop characteristics that are useful. Individuals inherit the traits of their ancestors. With this in mind, Lamarck developed two laws: Law of use and disuse.
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Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, pioneering French biologist who is best known for his idea that acquired characters are inheritable, an idea known as Lamarckism, which is refuted by modern genetics and evolutionary theory. He was also known as a botanical and zoological systematist and as a founder of invertebrate paleontology.
Evolution 101. An introduction to evolution: what is evolution and how does it work? The history of life: looking at the patterns – Change over time and shared ancestors; Mechanisms: the processes of evolution – Selection, mutation, migration, and more; Microevolution – Evolution within a population; Speciation – How new species arise
The doctrine, proposed by the French naturalist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck in 1809, influenced evolutionary thought through most of the 19th century. Lamarckism was discredited by most geneticists after the 1930s, but certain of its ideas continued to be held in the Soviet Union into the mid-20th century.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Lamarck's contribution to evolutionary theory consisted of the first truly cohesive theory of biological evolution, [9] in which an alchemical complexifying force drove organisms up a ladder of complexity, and a second environmental force adapted them to local environments through use and disuse of characteristics, differentiating them from othe...
- 18 December 1829 (aged 85), Paris, France
Aside from Lamarck's contributions to evolutionary theory, his works on invertebrates represent a great advance over existing classifications; he was the first to separate the Crustacea, Arachnida , and Annelida from the "Insecta."
Apr 12, 2021 · Noguera-Solano, R., Rodríguez-Caso, J.M. & Ruiz-Gutiérrez, R. The Evolutionary Thought of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck. Sci & Educ 30, 909–929 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11191-021-00215-0. Download citation. Accepted: 08 March 2021. Published: 12 April 2021. Issue Date: August 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11191-021-00215-0
Lamarck (1744 - 1829) remains the best known figure of the pre-Darwinian era of evolutionism. Regrettably, he is usually viewed as a mere caricature of his ideas, namely as the person who got it "wrong" for insisting on the inheritance of acquired features as the central mechanism of transmutation.
