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The Jim Crow laws were state and local laws introduced in the Southern United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries that enforced racial segregation, "Jim Crow" being a pejorative term for an African American. [1] Such laws remained in force until 1965. [2]
Sep 12, 2023 · Jim Crow Laws were statutes and ordinances established between 1874 and 1975 to separate the white and black races in the American South. In theory, it was to create “separate but equal” treatment, but in practice Jim Crow Laws condemned black citizens to inferior treatment and facilities.
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Early 1900s. How Jim Crow Shaped America. By: John Donovan. Jim Crow laws mandated segregating mainly blacks from whites, right down to water fountains. The New York Public Library. For the better part of a century, African Americans lived under the burden of what now are known as Jim Crow laws.
- Background
- CORE Lesson
- Key Persons
- Annotated Bibliography and Suggested Reading
The post-Reconstruction period in the South, which witnessed the rise of the Jim Crowsystem, marked a time when American race relations are thought to have reached their nadir, with whites pursuing efforts to reassert hegemony over blacks on every front, from disfranchisement to school segregation. The term Jim Crow is believed to have originated b...
Theme
Although the emergence of Jim Crowism in the South and numerous acts of violence against blacks explain why the years between 1878 and 1915 are considered the nadir in American race relations, the modern black community also begins to take form during these years. Nationally, free blacks and former slaves come together to expand black institutional life as part of an effort to cope with the rising tide of racism.
Materials and Preparation
Students should read either chapters 19-23 in The African American Experience: A History (“Miners, Farmers, and Cowhands, 1849-1880,” “African Americans in the New South, 1877-1910,” “Living in the Jim Crow World, 1877-1910,” “Advances in Education, the Arts, and Sciences, 1877-1910,” and “The Civil Rights Struggle, 1900-1941”) or chapters 25-29 in African American History(“Segregation Upheld,” “Blacks Pushed Aside,” “Industry and the Black Worker,” “A School is Born,” and “The Liberation Mov...
Time Period
Each of the activities that follow will take one class period.
Noble Drew Ali(nee Timothy Drew). A North Carolinian who migrated to Newark, where in 1913 he established the Moorish Science Temple, black America’s first major Muslim group. W.E.B. Dubois.A founder of the Niagara Movement and the NAACP, this advocate of militant protest against racial injustice was the foremost black American intellectual from th...
FOR TEACHERS
Bogle, Donald, 1973. Toms, Coons, Mulattoes, Mammies, and Bucks. 1. A study that examines the stereotypical and defiant black entertainers who performed in the movies and on the stage from the 1890s to 1970. Cronon, Edmund David, 1955. Black Moses: The Story of Marcus Garvey and the Universal Negro Improvement Association. 1. The first major biography of the founder and leader of the largest black mass protest movement ever established in the United States. Dickson, Bruce, 1989, Black America...
FOR STUDENTS
Bundles, A’Lelia. 1991. Madame C.J. Walker: Entrepreneur. 1. Part of the Black Americans of Achievement series. Crockett, Norman L. 1979. The Black Towns. 1. This study examines five all-black towns established between 1879 and 1904: Nicodemus, Kansas; Mound Bayou, Mississippi; Langston, Oklahoma; Cleat-view, Oklahoma; and Boley, Oklahoma. The rationale for such communities as articulated by their founders and supporters is also provided. Dunbar, Paul Laurence. 1902. The Sport of the Gods. 1....
Mar 14, 2016 · Open Transcript. From the late 19th century to the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s, many Southern states implemented laws of racial segregation that came to be known as Jim Crow laws. Many of these laws defined segregated public spaces.
Apr 29, 2021 · Period. 20th Century. Jim Crow in the United States: a brief guide to the racial segregation laws. BBC History Revealed shares a guide to the system of racial segregation in the US from the Reconstruction era to the civil rights movement of the 1960s… Published: April 29, 2021 at 4:28 PM. Who or what was Jim Crow?
The Compromise of 1877 ended the Reconstruction era, pulling federal troops from the South and leaving African Americans unprotected. This led to the establishment of Jim Crow laws, enforcing racial segregation. The Supreme Court's "separate but equal" doctrine in Plessy v. Ferguson upheld these laws until the Civil Rights Movement.
- 8 min
