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What are the 5 races based on Blumenbach's study?
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While Blumenbach incorporated basic differences in skin pigmentation and hair color in his study, he also relied heavily on facial features, shape of teeth, and skull morphology to identify five human races consisting of Caucasian, Malaysian, Ethiopian, American, and Mongolian.
The Anthropological Treatises of Johann Friedrich Blumenbach, trans. and ed. Thomas Bendyshe, London: Anthropological Society, 1865, 312.) However, his appraisal of the aesthetic of whites as Caucasians was (ab)used to legitimize and inspire racist interpretations of his human racial taxonomy.
Johann Friedrich Blumenbach (11 May 1752 – 22 January 1840) was a German physician, naturalist, physiologist, and anthropologist. He is considered to be a main founder of zoology and anthropology as comparative, scientific disciplines. He has been called the "founder of racial classifications."
- Christian Wilhelm Büttner
- Göttingen
Blumenbach expanded on the four “varieties” of Linnaeus to recognize five, which he labeled Caucasian, Mongolian, Ethiopian, American, and Malay. The Caucasian variety he named after the Caucasus, the strip of land between the Caspian and the Black seas running from southeastern Russia to northwestern Iran.
Expanding on the work of Carolus Linnaeus, German professor of medicine Johann Friedrich Blumenbach introduced one of the race-based classifications in On the Natural Variety of Mankind.
Blumenbach’s Human Varieties. This illustration, from Johann Friedrich Blumenbach’s 1795 De Generis Humani Varietate Nativa, shows Blumenbach’s categorization of humans in to five different varieties: Oriental, American Indian, Caucasian, Malay, and Ethiopian.
May 9, 2024 · Johann Friedrich Blumenbach was a German anthropologist, physiologist, and comparative anatomist, frequently called the father of physical anthropology, who proposed one of the earliest classifications of the races of mankind. He joined the faculty of the University of Göttingen in 1776, publishing.
