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John Dewey. Education, teaching and discipline are lifelong social phenomena and conditions for democracy, according to acclaimed American philosopher John Dewey. We learn by doing. Our world is an ever-changing, practical world that we can only know through action. Or put in other words so familiar that any person with even a peripheral ...
- Biography
- Contributions to Philosophy and Psychology
- Characteristics of Dewey’s Theory of Education
- Empirical Validity and Criticism
- Dewey vs. Darwin: Theory of Emotions
- References
John Dewey was an American psychologist, philosopher, educator, social critic, and political activist. He made contributions to numerous fields and topics in philosophy and psychology. Besides being a primary originator of both functionalism and behaviorism psychology, Dewey was a major inspiration for several movements that shaped 20th-century tho...
Pragmatism
Dewey is one of the central figures and founders of pragmatism in America, despite not himself identifying as a pragmatist. Pragmatism teaches that things which are useful — meaning that they work in a practical situation — are true, and what does not work is false (Hildebrand, 2018). This rejected the threads of epistemology and metaphysics that ran through modern philosophy in favor of a naturalistic approach that viewed knowledge as an active adaptation of humans to their environment (Hild...
Functionalism
Dewey developed a theory of functionalism inspired by Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution, as well as the ideas of William Jamesand Dewey’s own instrumental philosophy. Scholars widely consider Dewey’s 1896 paper, The Reflex Arc Concept in Psychology, to be the first major work in the functionalist school. In this work, Dewey attacked the methods of psychologists such as Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener, who used stimulus-response analysis as the basis of psychological theories. Psychologi...
Educational Philosophy
John Dewey was a notable educational reformer and established the path for decades of subsequent research in the field of educational psychology. Influenced by his philosophical and psychological theories, Dewey’s concept of instrumentalism in education stressed learning by doing, which was opposed to authoritarian teaching methods and rote learning. These ideas have remained central to educational philosophy in the United States. At the University of Chicago, Dewey founded an experimental sc...
Dewey believed that people learn and grow as a result of their experiences and interactions with the world. These compel people to continually develop new concepts, ideas, practices, and understandings. These, in turn, are refined through and continue to mediate the learner’s life experiences and social interactions. Dewey believed that (Hargraves,...
Despite its wide application in modern theories of education, many scholars have noted the lack of empirical evidence in favor of Dewey’s theories of education directly. Nonetheless, Dewey’s theory of how students learn aligns with empirical studies that examine the positive impact of interactions with peers and adults on learning (Göncü & Rogoff, ...
Another influential piece of philosophy that Dewey created was his theory of emotion (Cunningham, 1995). Dewey reconstructed Darwin’s theory of emotions, which he believed was flawed for assuming that the expression of emotion is separate from and and subsequent to the emotion itself. Darwin also argued that behavior that expresses emotion serves t...
Backe, A. (2001). John Dewey and early Chicago functionalism. History of Psychology, 4(4), 323. Cunningham, S. (1995). Dewey on emotions: recent experimental evidence. Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society, 31(4), 865-874. Dewey, J. (1974). John Dewey on education: Selected writings. Göncü, A., & Rogoff, B. (1998). Children’s categorization...
Feb 22, 2023 · Last update: March 6, 2023. John Dewey Theory: this article provides a practical explanation of the John Dewey theory. Next to what it is, this article also highlights the importance of learning by doing, the reformation of the educational system, this theory applied in the classroom and the vision of Democracy and Society.
Much of what is known about the learning by doing theory was thanks to the contributions of historic minds that changed education today. The theory has been expounded and popularized by famous American philosopher and educational crusader John Dewey and Brazilian pedagogy Paulo Freire.
exemplify learning by doing as instructed. LEARNING THE DIALECTICAL METHOD Kozulin (1984, p. 131) attributed the learning-by-doing prin-ciple to John Dewey; but although Dewey may have popularized it, it was known already by Plato. Plato believed that the way to learn the philosophical method, by which he meant dialectic,
Learning by Doing and Communicating; By Leonard J. Waks; Edited by Leonard J. Waks, Temple University, Philadelphia, Andrea R. English, University of Edinburgh; Book: John Dewey's <I>Democracy and Education</I> Online publication: 20 April 2017; Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316492765.004
Nevertheless, doing is such a central aspect of Dewey’s theory that his pedagogy is often equated to learning by doing. In recent years, a variety of approaches such as problem-based learning, active learning, experiential learning, and service learning similarly conceive of doing as a key component of learning.
