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The World Factbook, produced by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), estimates the ten most spoken languages (L1 + L2) in 2022 as follows: Most spoken languages, CIA, 2022 [46] Language
- Lists of Languages
Published lists. SIL International's Ethnologue: Languages...
- First-language
The monument to the mother tongue (ana dili) in Nakhchivan,...
- Creole Languages
An English-based creole language (often shortened to English...
- Hindi
Modern Standard Hindi, commonly referred to as Hindi, is an...
- Bengali
Bengali, also known by its endonym Bangla (বাংলা, Bāṅlā, ⓘ),...
- Modern Standard Arabic
Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) or Modern Written Arabic (MWA)...
- Thai
A native Thai speaker, recorded in Bangkok. Thai, or Central...
- Russian
Russian is an East Slavic language, spoken primarily in...
- Urdu
Urdu (/ ˈ ʊər d uː /; اردو, ⓘ; ALA-LC: Urdū) is an...
- Lists of Languages
Second-language acquisition (SLA), sometimes called second-language learning—otherwise referred to as L2 (language 2) acquisition, is the process by which people learn a second language. Second-language acquisition is also the scientific discipline devoted to studying that process.
A second language ( L2) is a language spoken in addition to one's first language (L1). A second language may be a neighbouring language, another language of the speaker's home country, or a foreign language.
A second language is any language that a person uses other than a first or native language. Contemporary linguists and educators commonly use the term L1 to refer to a first or native language, and the term L2 to refer to a second language or a foreign language that's being studied.
This Element provides a synthesis of contemporary research on the interplay between language and cognition in speakers of two or more languages and examines variables deemed to impact bilingual acquisition and conceptualization of language-specific thinking patterns during L2 learning.
Published by Cambridge University Press. Introduction. There has been a growing interest in examining the effect of study abroad on second language acquisition (Kinginger, 2009; Pérez-Vidal, 2014; Regan et al., 2009; Sanz & Morales-Front, 2018 ).
Forms of language use across international contexts shape the minds of second language (L2) speakers. In much of the research on L2 learning and bilingualism, there has been a focus on how individuals might achieve a high level of proficiency in each of the languages that they speak.
