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A second language ( L2) is a language spoken in addition to one's first language (L1). A second language may be a neighbouring language, another language of the speaker's home country, or a foreign language. A speaker's dominant language, which is the language a speaker uses most or is most comfortable with, is not necessarily the speaker's ...
t. e. Second-language acquisition ( SLA ), sometimes called second-language learning —otherwise referred to as L2 ( language 2) acquisition, is the process by which people learn a second language. Second-language acquisition is also the scientific discipline devoted to studying that process.
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Are L2 speakers exposed to Italian?
Do L2 speakers integrate semantic and syntactic information?
Why is second-language acquisition more important in L2?
What is effective use of a target language to construct L2 communication?
(L1) speakers Second-language (L2) speakers Total speakers (L1+L2) English (excl. creole languages) Indo-European: Germanic: 380 million 1.077 billion: 1.456 billion Mandarin Chinese (incl. Standard Chinese, but excl. other varieties) Sino-Tibetan: Sinitic: 939 million 199 million: 1.138 billion Hindi (excl. Urdu) Indo-European: Indo-Aryan: 345 ...
A second language is any language that a person uses other than a first or native language. Contemporary linguists and educators commonly use the term L1 to refer to a first or native language, and the term L2 to refer to a second language or a foreign language that's being studied. Vivian Cook notes that "L2 users are not necessarily the same ...
Bilingualism is a complex life experience. Second language (L2) learning and bilingualism take place in many different contexts. To develop a comprehensive account of dual-language experience requires research that examines individuals who are learning and using two languages in both the first language (L1) and second language (L2) environments.
- Judith F. Kroll, Paola E. Dussias, María Teresa Bajo
- 2018
Jan 20, 2021 · Therefore, the baseline was consistent across the HL sample. In contrast, the L2 speakers were first exposed to Italian at the average of 18 and had significantly lower mean estimated exposure in months (two tailed, t (22) = 2.18, p < 0.05). Finally, the monolingual speakers of Italian were all born and raised monolingually in the Italian ...
Nov 10, 2020 · This chapter introduces global challenges of oral communication in a target language (L2) in EFL contexts. Bringing together several lines of isolated studies on current literature, the chapter provides a coherent description of the complex and multidimensional nature of oral interaction problems in EFL contexts.
