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L2 speakers (Weltalmanach 1986) L2 speakers (Ethnologue.com 2023) 1. English: 190 million: 1.077 billion 2. Mandarin: 20 million: 199 million 3. Hindi-Urdu: 150 million: 266 million 4. Spanish: 20 million: 74 million 5. French: 270 million: 229 million 6. Russian: 125 million: 108 million 7. Arabic: 21 million: 274 million 8. Portuguese: 28 ...
- beyond the level of input
- slower than acquisition of L1
- not directly influential
- systematic stages of development
Second-language acquisition. Second-language acquisition ( SLA ), sometimes called second-language learning —otherwise referred to as L2 ( language 2) acquisition, is the process by which people learn a second language. Second-language acquisition is also the scientific discipline devoted to studying that process.
Aug 18, 2018 · Purwanti (2018) showed that Indonesian L2 speakers of English primarily used backchannels to signal that they were attentive, supportive and polite towards Australian L1 speakers.
Feb 28, 2021 · PDF | Motivation has long been emphasized as a determinant factor in a learning process in general, and second language (L2) acquisition in particular.... | Find, read and cite all the research...
- My Truong
Nov 10, 2020 · This book provides a comprehensive overview and typology of learners’ problems and coping strategies in L2 oral communication based on the authors’ qualitative studies of oral communication in EFL contexts, which is divided into three parts according to their dominant theme.
- Alireza Jamshidnejad
- alirezanejad.rus@cas.edu.om
- 2020
This Element provides a synthesis of contemporary research on the interplay between language and cognition in speakers of two or more languages and examines variables deemed to impact bilingual acquisition and conceptualization of language-specific thinking patterns during L2 learning.
Language transfer is the application of linguistic features from one language to another by a bilingual or multilingual speaker. Language transfer may occur across both languages in the acquisition of a simultaneous bilingual, from a mature speaker's first language (L1) to a second language (L2) they are acquiring, or from an L2 back to the L1. [1]