2 days ago · Dinozauriisunt un grup divers de reptileale cladeiDinosauria. Au apărut pentru prima dată în perioada Triasică, cu 243-233,23 milioane de ani în urmă,[1][2]deși originea exactă și calendarul evoluției dinozaurilor este subiectul cercetării active.[3] Ei au devenit vertebratele terestre dominante după Extincția din Triasic-Jurasicde ...
3 days ago · Alanii (iașii) se stabilesc în zona în care va fi menționat orașul Iași. După aproape 60 de ani, în 1299-1302, majoritatea alanilor părăsesc Moldova și trec în Imperiul Bizantin, conform unor date furnizate de bizantinul Nichifor Gregoras.
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- Mihai Chirica ( PNL, 5 iunie 2016)
- 6 octombrie 1408
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1 day ago · She was awarded the Legion of Honour in 1985. After retiring, she became an animal rights activist and created the Fondation Brigitte Bardot. Bardot is known for her strong personality, outspokenness, and speeches on animal defence; she has been fined twice for public insults.
- Biography
- Legacy
- References
- Further Reading
- External Links
Early life
Corneliu Codreanu was born in Huși to Ion Zelea Codreanu and Elizabeth (née Brunner) on 13 September 1899. His father, a German teacher and himself a declared "Romanian nationalist", would later become a political figure within his son's movement. A native of Bukovina in Austria-Hungary, Ion had originally been known as Zelinski;[b] his wife was of partial German heritage. Statements according to which Ion Zelea Codreanu was originally a Slav of Ukrainian or Polish origin contrast with the Ro...
GCN and National-Christian Defense League
Codreanu studied law in Iași, where he began his political career. Like his father, he became close to A. C. Cuza. Codreanu's fear of Bolshevik insurrection led to his efforts to address industrial workers himself. At the time, Cuza was preaching that the Jewish population was a manifest threat to Romanians, claimed that Jews were threatening the purity of Romanian young women, and began campaigning in favour of racial segregation. Historian Adrian Cioroianu defined the early Codreanu as a "q...
Manciu's killing
Codreanu clashed with Cuza over the League's structure: he demanded that it develop a paramilitary and revolutionary character, while Cuza was hostile to the idea. In November, while in Văcărești prison in Bucharest, Codreanu had planned for the creation of a youth organization within the League, which he aimed to call The Legion of the Archangel Michael. This was said to be in honour of an Orthodox icon that adorned the walls of the prison church, or, more specifically, linked to Codreanu's...
Lifetime influence and Legionary power
According to Adrian Cioroianu, Codreanu was "the most successful political and at the same time anti-political model of interwar Romania". The Legion was described by British researcher Norman Davies as "one of Europe's more violent fascist movements." Stanley G. Payne argued that the Iron Guard was "probably the most unusual mass movement of interwar Europe", and noted that part of this was owed to Codreanu being "a sort of religious mystic";British historian James Mayall saw the Legion as "...
Codreanu and modern-day political discourse
The movement was eventually toppled from power by Antonescu as a consequence of the Legionnaires' Rebellion. The events associated with Sima's term in office resulted in conflicts and infighting within the Legion and its contemporary successors: many "Codrenist" Legionnaires claim to obey Codreanu and his father Ion Zelea, but not Sima, while, at the same time, the "Simist" faction claims to have followed Codreanu's guidance and inspiration in carrying out violent acts. Codreanu had an enduri...
Cultural references
Late in the 1930s, Codreanu's supporters began publishing books praising his virtues, among which are Vasile Marin's Crez de Generație ("Generation Credo") and Nicolae Roșu's Orientări în Veac ("Orientations in the Century"), both published in 1937. After the National Legionary State officially hailed Corneliu Zelea Codreanu as a martyr to the cause, his image came to be used as a propaganda tool in cultural contexts. Codreanu was integrated into the Legionary cult of death: usually at Iron G...
Final Report of the International Commission on the Holocaust in Romania, Polirom, Iași, 2004. ISBN 973-681-989-2Zeev Barbu, "Romania: The Iron Guard", in Aristotle A. Kallis (ed.), The Fascism Reader, Routledge, London, 2003, p. 195–201. ISBN 0-415-24358-0Ruth Benedict, "The History as It Appears to Rumanians", in Margaret Mead, Rhoda Bubendey Métraux (eds.), The Study of Culture at a Distance, Berghahn Books, New York & Oxford, 2000, p. 449–459. IS...Lucian Boia, Istorie și mit în conștiința românească, Humanitas, Bucharest, 1997. ISBN 973-50-0055-5Nicholas M. Nagy-Talavera, The Green Shirts and the Others: A History of Fascism in Hungary and Rumania, Hoover Institution Press, Stanford, 1970Codreanu, For My LegionariesCorneliu Zelea Codreanu, A Few Remarks on Democracy, at the University of PittsburghCenter for International Studies(in Italian) Biography of Codreanu at Olokaustos.org(in Romanian) Codreanu's letter to Iorga, at the University of Bucharest- Politician
- Murder
- Elena Ilinoiu (m. 1925–1938)
- National-Christian Defense League (1923–1927), Iron Guard (1927–1938)
Feb 9, 2023 · Legion of Honour, officially National Order of the Legion of Honour, French Ordre National de la Légion d’honneur, premier order of the French republic, created by Napoleon Bonaparte, then first consul, on May 19, 1802, as a general military and civil order of merit conferred without regard to birth or religion provided that anyone admitted ...
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
The meaning of LEGION OF HONOR is a French order conferred as a reward for civil or military merit. a French order conferred as a reward for civil or military merit… See the full definition
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