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Several linguistic issues have arisen in relation to the spelling of the words euro and cent in the many languages of the member states of the European Union, as well as in relation to grammar and the formation of plurals .
e. The European Union (EU) has 24 official languages, of which three – English, French and German – have the higher status of "procedural" languages [1] of the European Commission (whereas the European Parliament accepts all official languages as working languages ). [2] Irish previously had the lower status of "treaty language" before ...
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- Common Features of European Languages
- Linguae Francae
- Language and Identity, Standardization Processes
- Linguistic Minorities
- Issues in Language Politics
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Writing systems
(Sources and further information for this section: Haarmann 1991, Grzega 2006) Writing was introduced to Europe by the Greeks, and from there also brought to the Romans (6th century BC). There are four alphabets in regular use in the areas generally considered Europe. The Latin alphabet was developed into several scripts. In the early years of Europe, the Carolingian minuscules were the most important variety of the Latin script. From this two branches developed, the Gothic/Fracture/German tr...
Sound features
(Sources and further information for this section: Haarmann 1973, Asher 1994, Price 1998, Grzega 2006) The sound systems of languages may differ considerably between languages. European languages can thus rather be characterized negatively, e.g. by the absence of click sounds. One could also think of specific prosodic features, such as tonal accents. But there are also tonal languages in Europe: Serbo-Croatian (e.g. lètī ‘he flies, is flying’ with long rising accent vs. lêta ‘years’ with long...
Grammatical features
(Sources and further information for this section: Asher 1994, Price 1998, Haspelmath 2001, Heine/Kuteva 2006) As a general introductory remark we can distinguish between three structural typesof languages: 1. isolating(i.e. grammatical/sentence functions are expressed through analytic means and relatively strict word-order rules, e.g. the strict S-V order rule in English), 2. agglutinating (i.e. grammatical/sentence functions are expressed through affixes, with one affix expressing exactly o...
(Sources and further information for this section: Haarmann 1975, Haarmann 1993, Grzega 2006) Three linguae francaeare prominent in European history: 1. (Medieval and Neo-) Latin with a gradual decline as lingua franca since the late Middle Ages, when the vernacular languages gained more and more importance (first language academy in Italy in 1582/...
(Sources and further information for this section: Haarmann 1975, Haarmann 1993, Grzega 2006) In the Middle Ages the two most important definitory elements of Europe were Christianitas and Latinitas. Thus language—at least the supranational language—played an elementary role. This changed with the spread of the national languages in official contex...
(Sources and further information for this section: Stephens 1976, Price 1998, Ahrens 2003, Grzega 2006) Despite the importance of English as an international lingua franca in Europe, Europe is also linguistically diverse, and minority languages are protected, e.g. by the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languagesfounded in the 1990s. This ...
(Sources and further information for this section: Siguan 2002, Ahrens 2003, Grzega 2006) France is the origin of two laws, or decrees, concerning language: the Ordonnance de Villers-Cotterêts (1239), which says that every document in France should be written in French (i.e. not in Latin nor Occitan) and the French Loi Toubon, which aims at elimina...
Wolfgang Abbe et al.: Bibliographie Europäische Sprachwissenschaft, 50 vols. Hamburg: Loges 2011.Rüdiger Ahrens (ed.): Europäische Sprachenpolitik / European Language Policy, Heidelberg: Winter 2003.R. E. Asher et al. (eds.): The Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, Oxford: Pergamon 1994.Roger Axtell: Do's and Taboos Around the World, White Plains: Benjamin 1993.Mar 11, 2013 · English, as it appears, is already the more widespread first and second language in the EU. This reasoning heavily underestimates the importance of linguistic politics, whereby language related questions are always, as Noam Chomsky [1] has said, questions of power. Languages are not simply means for communication.
Jun 20, 2013 · Within the European Union there are many languages spoken. There are 23 officially recognised languages, more than 60 indigenous regional and minority languages, and many non-indigenous languages spoken by migrant communities. The EU, although it has limited influence because educational and language policies are the responsibility of ...
- June 20, 2013
Jan 1, 2014 · The European Union (EU) is an unprecedented attempt to bring together economically, politically, and above all culturally and linguistically diverse countries, to create a shared EU identity and culture, which would promote communication, understanding and cooperation.
Mar 8, 2012 · 21 November 2012. Split View. Annotate. Cite. Permissions. Share. Abstract. Many linguistic minorities in Europe are vulnerable or severely endangered and in need of protection. Although there are still many weaknesses, there is a trend in Europe towards the improvement of minority rights.
