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What is a geographic coordinate system?
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Which coordinate system is used to define locations on the three-dimensional Earth?
A geographic coordinate system (GCS) is a spherical or geodetic coordinate system for measuring and communicating positions directly on Earth as latitude and longitude. It is the simplest, oldest and most widely used of the various spatial reference systems that are in use, and forms the basis for most others.
Local tangent plane coordinates (LTP), also known as local ellipsoidal system, local geodetic coordinate system, or local vertical, local horizontal coordinates (LVLH), are a spatial reference system based on the tangent plane defined by the local vertical direction and the Earth's axis of rotation.
Geographic coordinate system, the spherical coordinates of latitude and longitude; Projected coordinate systems, including thousands of cartesian coordinate systems, each based on a map projection to create a planar surface of the world or a region.
May 21, 2023 · Depending on the need, situation, and location, there are several datums to choose from. For instance, local datums try to match the spheroid closely to the earth’s surface in a local area and return accurate local coordinates. A typical local datum used in the United States is NAD83 (i.e., North American Datum of 1983). For locations in the ...
Jul 1, 2022 · Updated: July 1, 2022. Maps and Cartography. Map projections allow us to convert from sphere to planar (flat) representation. Geographic coordinate systems allow for the measurements of distances and to determine direction. Except for the Geographic Grid all coordinate systems are based on some form of map projection.
Geographic Coordinate Systems. Due to the complexity of modeling the geoid and the reasonable similarity between Earth and a regular ellipsoid, we do not use the geoid directly to designate horizontal locations on Earth’s surface. Instead, we use geographic datums —models that describe the locations on an approximation of Earth as a smooth ...
local reference ellipsoids fit inside the geoid a model of the variation between global mean (average) sea level and local mean sea level the measurement above or below the global average at a single point on the Earth's surface used for recording the elevation of topographic surface a detailed map of the surface features of land.
