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- Māori Americans are Americans of Māori descent, an ethnic group from New Zealand. Some Māori are Mormons and are drawn to Mormon regions of Hawaii and Utah, as well as in California, Arizona and Nevada. Māori were part of the first Mormon Polynesian colony of the US, which was founded in Utah in 1889.
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Māori Americans are Americans of Māori descent, an ethnic group from New Zealand. Some Māori are Mormons and are drawn to Mormon regions of Hawaii and Utah, as well as in California, Arizona and Nevada. Māori were part of the first Mormon Polynesian colony of the US, which was founded in Utah in 1889.
- Overview
- Traditional history and first contact
- The rise of the King Movement
- Māori versus Pākehā
Māori, member of a Polynesian people of New Zealand.
Their traditional history describes their origins in terms of waves of migration that culminated in the arrival of a “great fleet” in the 14th century from Hawaiki, a mythical land usually identified as Tahiti. This historical account provides the basis for traditional Māori social organization and is generally supported by archaeological discoveries, which have dated Māori arrival in New Zealand to about 1300 ce. Members of each tribe (iwi) recognized a common ancestry (which might be traced through either or both parents) and common allegiance to a chief or chiefs (ariki). Traditionally, at the day-to-day level, the most important social groups were the hapū (subtribe), which was the primary landholding group and the one within which marriage was preferred, and the whānau, or extended family.
This social order was in force when Abel Tasman, the first European contact, arrived off the coast of New Zealand in December 1642. He did battle with a group of Māori on South Island and left the area largely unexplored. In 1769–70 Capt. James Cook circumnavigated the two major islands and wrote about the intelligence of the Māori and the suitability of New Zealand for colonization. Whalers, sealers, and other Europeans seeking profit were initially welcomed by the Māori. With the introduction of muskets, disease, Western agricultural methods, and missionaries, however, Māori culture and social structure began to disintegrate. By the late 1830s New Zealand had been joined to Europe, and European settlers landed by the score.
After the British assumed formal control of New Zealand in 1840, European settlement and government began to alarm the Māori, especially in North Island. In 1845 some Māori chieftains began ravaging the Bay of Islands and other areas of the far north (in what has sometimes been called the First Māori War), and they were not finally suppressed until 1847, by colonial forces under Gov. Sir George Grey. His victories brought a peace that lasted from 1847 to 1860.
The so-called King Movement was a response to the increasing threat to Māori land. In 1857 several tribes of the Waikato area of North Island elected as king Te Wherowhero, who reigned as Pōtatau I. In addition to electing a king, they established a council of state, a judicial system, and a police organization, all of which were intended to support Māori resolve to retain their land and to stop the intertribal warfare over the issue. Not all Māori accepted the authority of the king, but the majority shared with the King Movement the resolve not to sell the land.
Until 1860 the Māori still owned most of the land of North Island, but a large increase in the number of immigrants in the 1850s led to demands for greatly increased land purchase by the government. Many Māori were determined not to sell. In 1859 Te Teira, a Māori of the Taranaki area, sold his Waitara River land to the colonial government without the consent of his tribe, precipitating the First Taranaki War (1860–61). Only the extremist wing of the King Movement joined in the First Taranaki War.
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The war consisted essentially of a series of generally successful sieges of Māori pās (fortified villages) by British troops and militia. The British were defeated during an attack (June 1860) on Puketakauere pā when the Māori executed a surprise counterattack, but the Māori were defeated at Ōrongomai in October and Maahoetahi in November. The war ended in a truce after the surrender of the Te Arei pā in late March 1861. The Māori remained in possession of the European-owned Tataraimaka block of land.
The fighting resumed in the Second Taranaki War in April 1863 after Governor Grey built an attack road into the Waikato area and drove the Taranaki Māori from the Tataraimaka block. While fighting raged in Taranaki once again, the Waikato War began in July 1863, and the Waikato River region, the centre of the King Movement tribes, became the main target of the Europeans. Once again the war was decided by sieges of Māori pās, but the Māori also began to employ guerrilla tactics. British troops were aided by gunboats and forest ranger units made up of colonial volunteers. The Europeans won notable victories at Meremere in October 1863 and at Rangiriri in November. The fall of the Orakau pā in early April 1864 essentially brought the Waikato War to an end.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Haka is a traditional genre of Māori dance. This painting dates from c. 1845. Haka (/ ˈ h ɑː k ə /, / ˈ h æ k ə /; singular haka, in both Māori and English) are a variety of ceremonial dances in Māori culture.
The word Māori refers to the indigenous people of New Zealand and their language. Both the term and the people are a hybrid of various Polynesian cultures, and are thought to have arrived in New Zealand more than one thousand years ago. The Maori people are well known for their distinctive traditional full-body and facial tattooing.
Aug 1, 2017 · - WorldAtlas. Who are the Maori People? A Maori carving in New Zealand. The Maori People are an indigenous community of New Zealand. The Maori represent an integral part of the nation's identity and culture. Maori communities have also settled in Australia, Canada, the UK, and the US.
Explore stories about Māori origins and arrivals. Pacific migrations. Canoe navigation
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