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Angiosperms were formerly called Magnoliophyta (/ m æ ɡ ˌ n oʊ l i ˈ ɒ f ə t ə,-ə ˈ f aɪ t ə /). [8] Angiosperms are distinguished from the other seed-producing plants, the gymnosperms , by having flowers , xylem consisting of vessel elements instead of tracheids , endosperm within their seeds, and fruits that completely envelop the ...
- Flowers
A flower, also known as a bloom or blossom, is the...
- Monocots
John Ray (1674), pp. 164, 166 Since this paper appeared a...
- Wolffia Arrhiza
Wolffia arrhiza is a species of flowering plant known by the...
- Flowers
Nov 7, 2017 · Magnum Opus: Directed by Kevin Elliott. With Louise Griffiths, Adam J. Harrington, Clark Johnson, Pej Vahdat. This spy thriller pits veteran-turned-artist, Daniel Cliff, against US intelligence, and secrets from his past lead to hellish journey of lies, betrayal, and government retribution.
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- Kevin Elliott
- 2017-11-07
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Jul 5, 2017 · Magellan: Directed by Rob York. With Brandon Ray Olive, K. Danor Gerald, Whitney Palmer, Matthew Mercer. After NASA picks up a trio of mysterious signals from within our own solar system, astronaut Roger Nelson is dispatched on a multi-year solo mission aboard the Magellan spacecraft to investigate the sources.
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- Description
- Taxonomy
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- Diversity
- Reproduction
- Uses
1.1. Angiosperm Derived Characteristics
Angiosperms differ from other seed plants in several ways, described in the table below. These distinguishing characteristics taken together have made the angiosperms the most diverse and numerous land plants, and the most commercially important group to humans.
1.2. Vascular Anatomy
Angiosperm stems are made up of seven layers as shown on the right. The amount and complexity of tissue-formation in flowering plants exceeds that of gymnosperms. In the dicotyledons, the vascular bundles of the stem are arranged such that the xylem and phloem form concentric rings. The bundles in the very young stem are arranged in an open ring, separating a central pith from an outer cortex. In each bundle, separating the xylem and phloem, is a layer of meristem or active formative tissu...
1.3. Reproductive Anatomy
The characteristic feature of angiosperms is the flower. Flowers show remarkable variation in form and elaboration, and provide the most trustworthy external characteristics for establishing relationships among angiosperm species. The function of the flower is to ensure fertilization of the ovule and development of fruit containing seeds. The floral apparatus may arise terminally on a shoot or from the axil of a leaf (where the petiole attaches to the stem). Occasionally, as in violets, a...
2.1. History of Classification
The botanical term "angiosperm", from Greek words angeíon (ἀγγεῖον 'bottle, vessel') and spérma (σπέρμα 'seed'), was coined in the form "Angiospermae" by Paul Hermann in 1690 but he used this term to refer to a group of plants which form only a subset of what today are known as angiosperms. Hermannn's Angiospermae including only flowering plants possessing seeds enclosed in capsules, distinguished from his Gymnospermae, which were flowering plants with achenial or schizo-carpic fruits, the wh...
2.2. Modern Classification
There are eight groups of living angiosperms: 1. Basal angiosperms (ANA: Amborella, Nymphaeales, Austrobaileyales) 1.1. Amborella, a single species of shrub from New Caledonia; 1.2. Nymphaeales, about 80 species,water lilies and Hydatellaceae; 1.3. Austrobaileyales, about 100 speciesof woody plants from various parts of the world 2. Core angiosperms (Mesangiospermae) 2.1. Chloranthales, 77 known speciesof aromatic plants with toothed leaves; 2.2. Magnoliids, about 10,000 speci...
A poster of twelve different species of flowers of the family Asteraceae. https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?curid=1596958Lupinus pilosus. https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?curid=1419043Bud of a pink rose. https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?curid=1269816The number of species of flowering plants is estimated to be in the range of 250,000 to 400,000. This compares to around 12,000 species of moss and 11,000 species of pteridophytes, showing that flowering plants are much more diverse. The number of families in APG (1998) was 462. In APG II (2003) it is not settled; at maximum it is 457, but within t...
5.1. Fertilisation and Embryogenesis
Double fertilization refers to a process in which two sperm cells fertilise cells in the ovule. This process begins when a pollen grain adheres to the stigma of the pistil (female reproductive structure), germinates, and grows a long pollen tube. While this pollen tube is growing, a haploid generative cell travels down the tube behind the tube nucleus. The generative cell divides by mitosis to produce two haploid (n) sperm cells. As the pollen tube grows, it makes its way from the stigma, dow...
5.2. Fruit and Seed
As the development of the embryo and endosperm proceeds within the embryo sac, the sac wall enlarges and combines with the nucellus (which is likewise enlarging) and the integument to form the seed coat. The ovary wall develops to form the fruit or pericarp, whose form is closely associated with type of seed dispersal system. Frequently, the influence of fertilisation is felt beyond the ovary, and other parts of the flower take part in the formation of the fruit, e.g., the floral receptac...
5.3. Meiosis
Like all diploid multicellular organisms that use sexual reproduction, flowering plants generate gametes using a specialised type of cell division called meiosis. Meiosis takes place in the ovule—a structure within the ovary that is located within the pistil at the centre of the flower (see diagram labeled "Angiosperm lifecycle"). A diploid cell (megaspore mother cell) in the ovule undergoes meiosis (involving two successive cell divisions) to produce four cells (megaspores) with haploid nucl...
Agriculture is almost entirely dependent on angiosperms, which provide virtually all plant-based food, and also provide a significant amount of livestock feed. Of all the families of plants, the Poaceae, or grass family (providing grains), is by far the most important, providing the bulk of all feedstocks (rice, maize, wheat, barley, rye, oats, pea...
This largest radiation of land plants dates back only to the early Cretaceous in the fossil record and has become the dominant plant group in most biomes because of specialized vegetative and reproductive features. The phylum is traditionally divided into two classes, the dicots and monocots; however, this division is now being challenged.
Magnoliids, Magnoliidae or Magnolianae are a clade of flowering plants. With more than 10,000 species, including magnolias, nutmeg, bay laurel, cinnamon, avocado, black pepper, tulip tree and many others, it is the third-largest group of angiosperms after the eudicots and monocots. [3] The group is characterized by trimerous flowers, pollen ...
May 3, 2017 · Magnoliophyta (I) The Division Magnoliophyta in the Kingdom Plantae comprises those species of plants that were formerly classified as angiosperms and are known widely as the flowering plants. You have already studied flowers ( Chapter 4 ), so now understand that the Division Magnoliophyta comprises all those species of plants that have flowers.
