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मंदारिन ( सरलीकृत चीनी: 官话; परंपरागत चीनी: 官話; पिनयिन: Guānhuà; अनुवाद "अधिकारियों का भाषा") चीनी भाषाओं का एक समूह है जो मूल रूप से अधिकांश उत्तरी और दक्षिण-पश्चिमी चीन में बोली जाती है। समूह में बीजिंग बोली शामिल है, जो मानक चीनी की ध्वन्यात्मकता का आधार है। क्योंकि मंदारिन की उत्पत्ति उत्तरी चीन में हुई थी और अधिकांश मंदारिन बोलियाँ उत्तर में...
- Terminology
- Traditional Chinese Lexicography
- Modern Chinese Lexicography
- Specialized Dictionaries
- Deficiencies
- See Also
- References
- Online Chinese Dictionaries
- Further Reading
- External Links
The general term cishu (Chinese: 辭書; pinyin: císhū; lit. 'lexicographic books') semantically encompasses "dictionary; lexicon; encyclopedia; glossary". The Chinese language has two words for dictionary: zidian (character dictionary) for written forms, that is, Chinese characters, and cidian(word/phrase dictionary), for spoken forms. For character d...
The precursors of Chinese dictionaries are primers designed for students of Chinese characters. The earliest of them only survive in fragments or quotations within Chinese classic texts. For example, the Shizhoupian was compiled by one or more historians in the court of King Xuan of Zhou (r. 827 BCE – 782 BCE),[contradictory] and was the source of ...
The Kangxi Dictionaryserved as the standard Chinese dictionary for generations, is still published and is now online. Contemporary lexicography is divisible between bilingual and monolingual Chinese dictionaries.
Chinese publishing houses print diverse types of zhuanke cidian (專科詞典/专科词典 "specialized dictionary"). One Chinese dictionary bibliographylists over 130 subject categories, from "Abbreviations, Accounting" to "Veterinary, Zoology." The following examples are limited to specialized dictionaries from a few representative fields.
Victor H. Mairlists eight adverse features of traditional Chinese lexicography, some of which have continued up to the present day: (1) persistent confusion of spoken word with written graph; (2) lack of etymological science as opposed to the analysis of script; (3) absence of the concept of word; (4) ignoring the script's historical developments i...
Xue, Shiqi (1982). "Chinese Lexicography Past and Present". Dictionaries. 4: 151–169. doi:10.1353/dic.1982.0009. S2CID 201777847.Atlas Sémantiques : Clique (graph theory)based visual dictionaryHixson, Sandra and James Mathias. (1975). A Compilation of Chinese Dictionaries. New Haven: Far Eastern Publications.Uy, Dr. Timothy and Jim Hsia, ed. Webster's Digital Chinese Dictionary. 2009. (Chinese, Pinyin, Bopomofo to English; e-Book PDF format) .Loqu8 PressWan, Grace. 1970. A Guide to Gwoyeu Tsyrdean. Chinese Materials and Research Aids Service Center.People also ask
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The Chinese Wikipedia (traditional Chinese: 中 文 維 基 百 科; simplified Chinese: 中 文 维 基 百 科; pinyin: Zhōngwén Wéijī Bǎikē) is the written vernacular Chinese (a form of Mandarin Chinese) edition of Wikipedia. It is run by the Wikimedia Foundation.
- 11 May 2001; 22 years ago
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English to Chinese dictionary with Mandarin Pinyin & Handwriting Recognition - learn Chinese faster with MDBG!
Chinese ( simplified Chinese: 汉语; traditional Chinese: 漢語; pinyin: Hànyǔ; lit. ' Han language' or 中文; Zhōngwén; 'Chinese writing') is a group of languages [e] spoken natively by the ethnic Han Chinese majority and many minority ethnic groups in China. Approximately 1.35 billion people, or around 16% of the global population ...
Chinese Pidgin English (also called Chinese Coastal English or Pigeon English) is a pidgin language lexically based on English, but influenced by a Chinese substratum. From the 17th to the 19th centuries, there was also Chinese Pidgin English spoken in Cantonese-speaking portions of China.
