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Marine prokaryotes are marine bacteria and marine archaea. They are defined by their habitat as prokaryotes that live in marine environments, that is, in the saltwater of seas or oceans or the brackish water of coastal estuaries. All cellular life forms can be divided into prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Archaea rock – this deep ocean rock harboured worms that consumed methane-eating archaea. Marine microbenthos are microorganisms that live in the benthic zone of the ocean – that live near or on the seafloor, or within or on surface seafloor sediments. The word benthos comes from Greek, meaning "depth of the sea".
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- Background
- Foundations of Productive Ecosystems
- Reproduction and Host Development
- Biofouling and Microbial Community Assembly
- Biogeochemical Cycling
- Examples
- Marine Holobionts
- Further References
Within the vast biological diversity that inhabits the world's oceans, it would be challenging to find a eukaryotic organism that does not live in close relationship with a microbial partner. Such symbioses, i.e., persistent interactions between host and microbe in which none of the partners gets harmed and at least one of them benefits, are ubiqui...
Ecosystem engineers, such as many types of corals, deep-sea mussels, and hydrothermal vent tubeworms, contribute to primary productivity and create the structural habitats and nutrient resources that are the foundation of their respective ecosystems. All of these taxa engage in mutualistic nutritional symbioses with microbes. There are many example...
Extending beyond nutritional symbioses, microbial symbionts can alter the reproduction, development, and growth of their hosts. Specific bacterial strains in marine biofilms often directly control the recruitment of planktonic larvae and propagules, either by inhibiting settlement or by serving as a settlement cue. For example, the settlement of zo...
Some host-associated microbes produce compounds that prevent biofouling and regulate microbiome assembly and maintenance in many marine organisms, including sponges, macroalgae, and corals. For example, tropical corals harbor diverse bacteria in their surface mucus layer that produce quorum-sensing inhibitors and other antibacterial compounds as a ...
Host-associated microbiomes also influence biogeochemical cycling within ecosystems with cascading effects on biodiversity and ecosystem processes. For example, microbial symbionts comprise up to 40% of the biomass of their sponge hosts. Through a process termed the "sponge-loop," they convert dissolved organic carbon released by reef organisms int...
The microbiomes of diverse marine animals are currently under study, from simplistic organisms including sponges and ctenophores to more complex organisms such as sea squirtsand sharks. The relationship between the Hawaiian bobtail squid and the bioluminescent bacterium Aliivibrio fischeriis one of the best studied symbiotic relationships in the se...
Reef-building corals are holobionts that include the coral itself (a eukaryotic invertebrate within class Anthozoa), photosynthetic dinoflagellates called zooxanthellae (Symbiodinium), and associated bacteria and viruses.Co-evolutionary patterns exist for coral microbial communities and coral phylogeny. 1. Coral holobiont 2. Seagrass holobiont 3. S...
Stal, L. J. and Cretoiu, M. S. (Eds.) (2016) The marine microbiome: an untapped source of biodiversity and biotechnological potential Springer. ISBN 9783319330006.Marine Microbiome and Biogeochemical Cycles in Marine Productive Areas. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020. ISBN 978-2-88963-276-3. OCLC 1291256407.Dec 7, 2023 · Phylogenomics reveals the timeline over which marine bacteria and archaea colonized the oceans and shows the geological context of their diversification.
May 16, 2017 · Extremophiles belonging to the Eubacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya kingdoms produce extremophilic biomass in ecological niches such as oceans, salt marshes, solar salterns, hypersaline lakes, hot springs, marine hydrothermal vents, and soda lakes. These marine polye-xtremophiles have great importance and contributed a lot in biotechnological ...
- Annarita Poli, Ilaria Finore, Ida Romano, Alessia Gioiello, Licia Lama, Barbara Nicolaus
- 10.3390/microorganisms5020025
- 2017
- Microorganisms. 2017 Jun; 5(2): 25.
Introduction Marine microorganisms; Overview; Marine viruses Phages Role of viruses Giant viruses; Prokaryotes Marine bacteria Marine archaea; Eukaryotes Marine protists By trophic mode By locomotion Marine fungi Marine microanimals; Primary producers Cyanobacteria Algae
Jul 21, 2017 · We evaluated seasonal variability of free living (0.2–1 μm size fraction) Thaumarchaea Marine Group I (MGI) and Euryarchaea Marine Group II (MGII) communities and their associations with...
